SARS-CoV-2 - Povijest promjena

Suradnik10: Zamjena teksta - '{{(.)ommonscat(.*)}}' u ''

2026-03-08T22:29:34Z

Zamjena teksta - '{{(.)ommonscat(.*)}}' u ''

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 8. ožujak 2026. u 22:29
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	== Vanjske poveznice ==		== Vanjske poveznice ==
	~~{{commonscat\|SARS-CoV-2}}~~

	{{upozorenje-medicina}}		{{upozorenje-medicina}}

Suradnik10: Zamjena teksta - '{{Aktualno-koronavirus}}' u ''

2026-02-22T03:18:51Z

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←Starija inačica		Inačica od 22. veljača 2026. u 03:18
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	~~{{Aktualno-koronavirus}}~~
	{{dz\|[[SARS]]}}		{{dz\|[[SARS]]}}
	{{Taksokvir		{{Taksokvir

WikiSysop: Zamjena teksta - '' u ''

2025-06-22T05:28:34Z

Zamjena teksta - '' u ''

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 22. lipanj 2025. u 05:28
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	~~<!--'''SARS-CoV-2'''-->~~{{Aktualno-koronavirus}}		{{Aktualno-koronavirus}}
	{{dz\|[[SARS]]}}		{{dz\|[[SARS]]}}
	{{Taksokvir		{{Taksokvir

Suradnik10: Zamjena teksta - '{{sfnref' u '{{SfnRef'

2025-04-18T16:48:05Z

Zamjena teksta - '{{sfnref' u '{{SfnRef'

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 18. travanj 2025. u 16:48
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	\|first9=Andrew \|last9=Rambaut		\|first9=Andrew \|last9=Rambaut
	\|first10=Jeff \|last10=Barrett		\|first10=Jeff \|last10=Barrett
	\|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/947048/Technical_Briefing_VOC_SH_NJL2_SH2.pdf \|title=Investigation of novel SARS-COV-2 variant: Variant of Concern 202012/01 \|date=21 December 2020 \|accessdate=23 December 2020 \|<!-- ref={{~~sfnref~~\|Chand et al.\|2020}} \| -->publisher=[[Public Health England]]}}</ref>		\|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/947048/Technical_Briefing_VOC_SH_NJL2_SH2.pdf \|title=Investigation of novel SARS-COV-2 variant: Variant of Concern 202012/01 \|date=21 December 2020 \|accessdate=23 December 2020 \|<!-- ref={{SfnRef\|Chand et al.\|2020}} \| -->publisher=[[Public Health England]]}}</ref>

	==[[Epidemiologija]]==		==[[Epidemiologija]]==

WikiSysop: file->datoteka

2022-05-08T02:12:40Z

file->datoteka

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 8. svibanj 2022. u 02:12
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	==[[Virologija]]==		==[[Virologija]]==
	[[~~File~~:SARS-CoV-2 virion animation.gif\|thumb\|left\|Animacija SARS-CoV-2 viriona]]		[[Datoteka:SARS-CoV-2 virion animation.gif\|thumb\|left\|Animacija SARS-CoV-2 viriona]]

	Prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka potvrđen je tijekom [[Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.\|pandemije novog koronavirusa]].<ref name="Chan24Jan20202">{{cite journal\|display-authors=6\|date=februar 2020\|title=A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster\|journal=Lancet\|volume=395\|issue=10223\|pages=514–523\|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9\|pmid=31986261\|vauthors=Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, Tsoi HW, Lo SK, Chan KH, Poon VK, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VC, Chen H, Hui CK, Yuen KY}}</ref> Prenosi se uglavnom putem respiratornih kapljica od [[Kašalj\|kašljanja]] u rasponu od oko 1,8 m.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856\|title=How does coronavirus spread?\|vauthors=Edwards E\|date=25. siječnja 2020.\|publisher=[[NBC News]]\|access-date=13. 3. 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128081650/https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856\|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html\|title=How COVID-19 Spreads\|date=27. siječnja 2020.\|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128152653/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html\|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.\|url-status=live\|access-date=27. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Moguće se zaraziti i indirektno preko kontaminiranih površina.<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf\|title=Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19\|date=27. veljače 2020.\|website=[[Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija]]\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|url-status=live\|access-date=3. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Preliminarna istraživanja pokazuju da virus može ostati održiv na plastici i čeliku do tri dana, ali ne opstaje na kartonu dulje od jednog dana ili na bakru dulje od četiri sata;<ref>{{Citation\|title=Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1\|last4=Holbrook\|first9=Natalie J.\|last8=Harcourt\|first8=Jennifer L.\|last7=Tamin\|first7=Azaibi\|last6=Williamson\|first6=Brandi N.\|last5=Gamble\|first5=Amandine\|first4=Myndi G.\|url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2004973\|last3=Morris\|first3=Dylan H.\|last2=Bushmaker\|first2=Trenton\|last=Doremalen\|first=Neeltje van\|language=en\|doi=10.1056/nejmc2004973\|accessdate=2020-03-27\|date=2020-03-17\|last9=Thornburg}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Cybermed d o o http://www.cybermed.hr\|title=Novi koronavirus može satima ostati u zraku, a na površinama danima\|url=https://www.cybermed.hr/vijesti/novi_koronavirus_moze_satima_ostati_u_zraku_a_na_povrsinama_danima\|language=hr\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref> virus se inaktivira sapunom, koji destabilizira njegov lipidni (zaštitni) sloj.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Ed Yong\|title=Why the Coronavirus Has Been So Successful\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/03/biography-new-coronavirus/608338/\|date=2020-03-20\|language=en-US\|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|title=Home\|url=https://covid19.govt.nz/\|language=en-GB\|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Piše: Jelena Kalinić\|title=Oslobođenje - Koji sapun će vas zaštititi od SARS-CoV-2?\|url=https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/o2/tehnologija/nauka/koji-sapun-ce-vas-zastititi-od-sars-cov-2-542325\|language=bs-ba\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref>		Prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka potvrđen je tijekom [[Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.\|pandemije novog koronavirusa]].<ref name="Chan24Jan20202">{{cite journal\|display-authors=6\|date=februar 2020\|title=A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster\|journal=Lancet\|volume=395\|issue=10223\|pages=514–523\|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9\|pmid=31986261\|vauthors=Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, Tsoi HW, Lo SK, Chan KH, Poon VK, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VC, Chen H, Hui CK, Yuen KY}}</ref> Prenosi se uglavnom putem respiratornih kapljica od [[Kašalj\|kašljanja]] u rasponu od oko 1,8 m.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856\|title=How does coronavirus spread?\|vauthors=Edwards E\|date=25. siječnja 2020.\|publisher=[[NBC News]]\|access-date=13. 3. 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128081650/https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856\|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html\|title=How COVID-19 Spreads\|date=27. siječnja 2020.\|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128152653/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html\|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.\|url-status=live\|access-date=27. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Moguće se zaraziti i indirektno preko kontaminiranih površina.<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf\|title=Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19\|date=27. veljače 2020.\|website=[[Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija]]\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|url-status=live\|access-date=3. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Preliminarna istraživanja pokazuju da virus može ostati održiv na plastici i čeliku do tri dana, ali ne opstaje na kartonu dulje od jednog dana ili na bakru dulje od četiri sata;<ref>{{Citation\|title=Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1\|last4=Holbrook\|first9=Natalie J.\|last8=Harcourt\|first8=Jennifer L.\|last7=Tamin\|first7=Azaibi\|last6=Williamson\|first6=Brandi N.\|last5=Gamble\|first5=Amandine\|first4=Myndi G.\|url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2004973\|last3=Morris\|first3=Dylan H.\|last2=Bushmaker\|first2=Trenton\|last=Doremalen\|first=Neeltje van\|language=en\|doi=10.1056/nejmc2004973\|accessdate=2020-03-27\|date=2020-03-17\|last9=Thornburg}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Cybermed d o o http://www.cybermed.hr\|title=Novi koronavirus može satima ostati u zraku, a na površinama danima\|url=https://www.cybermed.hr/vijesti/novi_koronavirus_moze_satima_ostati_u_zraku_a_na_povrsinama_danima\|language=hr\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref> virus se inaktivira sapunom, koji destabilizira njegov lipidni (zaštitni) sloj.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Ed Yong\|title=Why the Coronavirus Has Been So Successful\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/03/biography-new-coronavirus/608338/\|date=2020-03-20\|language=en-US\|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|title=Home\|url=https://covid19.govt.nz/\|language=en-GB\|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Piše: Jelena Kalinić\|title=Oslobođenje - Koji sapun će vas zaštititi od SARS-CoV-2?\|url=https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/o2/tehnologija/nauka/koji-sapun-ce-vas-zastititi-od-sars-cov-2-542325\|language=bs-ba\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref>

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{Cite web +{{Citiranje weba)

2022-01-02T10:38:03Z

Bot: Automatska zamjena teksta (-{{Cite web +{{Citiranje weba)

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 2. siječanj 2022. u 10:38
Redak 47:		Redak 47:
	[[File:SARS-CoV-2 virion animation.gif\|thumb\|left\|Animacija SARS-CoV-2 viriona]]		[[File:SARS-CoV-2 virion animation.gif\|thumb\|left\|Animacija SARS-CoV-2 viriona]]

	Prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka potvrđen je tijekom [[Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.\|pandemije novog koronavirusa]].<ref name="Chan24Jan20202">{{cite journal\|display-authors=6\|date=februar 2020\|title=A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster\|journal=Lancet\|volume=395\|issue=10223\|pages=514–523\|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9\|pmid=31986261\|vauthors=Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, Tsoi HW, Lo SK, Chan KH, Poon VK, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VC, Chen H, Hui CK, Yuen KY}}</ref> Prenosi se uglavnom putem respiratornih kapljica od [[Kašalj\|kašljanja]] u rasponu od oko 1,8 m.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856\|title=How does coronavirus spread?\|vauthors=Edwards E\|date=25. siječnja 2020.\|publisher=[[NBC News]]\|access-date=13. 3. 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128081650/https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856\|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html\|title=How COVID-19 Spreads\|date=27. siječnja 2020.\|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128152653/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html\|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.\|url-status=live\|access-date=27. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Moguće se zaraziti i indirektno preko kontaminiranih površina.<ref>{{~~Cite web~~\|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf\|title=Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19\|date=27. veljače 2020.\|website=[[Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija]]\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|url-status=live\|access-date=3. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Preliminarna istraživanja pokazuju da virus može ostati održiv na plastici i čeliku do tri dana, ali ne opstaje na kartonu dulje od jednog dana ili na bakru dulje od četiri sata;<ref>{{Citation\|title=Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1\|last4=Holbrook\|first9=Natalie J.\|last8=Harcourt\|first8=Jennifer L.\|last7=Tamin\|first7=Azaibi\|last6=Williamson\|first6=Brandi N.\|last5=Gamble\|first5=Amandine\|first4=Myndi G.\|url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2004973\|last3=Morris\|first3=Dylan H.\|last2=Bushmaker\|first2=Trenton\|last=Doremalen\|first=Neeltje van\|language=en\|doi=10.1056/nejmc2004973\|accessdate=2020-03-27\|date=2020-03-17\|last9=Thornburg}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Cybermed d o o http://www.cybermed.hr\|title=Novi koronavirus može satima ostati u zraku, a na površinama danima\|url=https://www.cybermed.hr/vijesti/novi_koronavirus_moze_satima_ostati_u_zraku_a_na_povrsinama_danima\|language=hr\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref> virus se inaktivira sapunom, koji destabilizira njegov lipidni (zaštitni) sloj.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Ed Yong\|title=Why the Coronavirus Has Been So Successful\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/03/biography-new-coronavirus/608338/\|date=2020-03-20\|language=en-US\|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|title=Home\|url=https://covid19.govt.nz/\|language=en-GB\|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Piše: Jelena Kalinić\|title=Oslobođenje - Koji sapun će vas zaštititi od SARS-CoV-2?\|url=https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/o2/tehnologija/nauka/koji-sapun-ce-vas-zastititi-od-sars-cov-2-542325\|language=bs-ba\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref>		Prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka potvrđen je tijekom [[Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.\|pandemije novog koronavirusa]].<ref name="Chan24Jan20202">{{cite journal\|display-authors=6\|date=februar 2020\|title=A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster\|journal=Lancet\|volume=395\|issue=10223\|pages=514–523\|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9\|pmid=31986261\|vauthors=Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, Tsoi HW, Lo SK, Chan KH, Poon VK, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VC, Chen H, Hui CK, Yuen KY}}</ref> Prenosi se uglavnom putem respiratornih kapljica od [[Kašalj\|kašljanja]] u rasponu od oko 1,8 m.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856\|title=How does coronavirus spread?\|vauthors=Edwards E\|date=25. siječnja 2020.\|publisher=[[NBC News]]\|access-date=13. 3. 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128081650/https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856\|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html\|title=How COVID-19 Spreads\|date=27. siječnja 2020.\|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128152653/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html\|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.\|url-status=live\|access-date=27. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Moguće se zaraziti i indirektno preko kontaminiranih površina.<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf\|title=Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19\|date=27. veljače 2020.\|website=[[Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija]]\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|url-status=live\|access-date=3. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Preliminarna istraživanja pokazuju da virus može ostati održiv na plastici i čeliku do tri dana, ali ne opstaje na kartonu dulje od jednog dana ili na bakru dulje od četiri sata;<ref>{{Citation\|title=Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1\|last4=Holbrook\|first9=Natalie J.\|last8=Harcourt\|first8=Jennifer L.\|last7=Tamin\|first7=Azaibi\|last6=Williamson\|first6=Brandi N.\|last5=Gamble\|first5=Amandine\|first4=Myndi G.\|url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2004973\|last3=Morris\|first3=Dylan H.\|last2=Bushmaker\|first2=Trenton\|last=Doremalen\|first=Neeltje van\|language=en\|doi=10.1056/nejmc2004973\|accessdate=2020-03-27\|date=2020-03-17\|last9=Thornburg}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Cybermed d o o http://www.cybermed.hr\|title=Novi koronavirus može satima ostati u zraku, a na površinama danima\|url=https://www.cybermed.hr/vijesti/novi_koronavirus_moze_satima_ostati_u_zraku_a_na_povrsinama_danima\|language=hr\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref> virus se inaktivira sapunom, koji destabilizira njegov lipidni (zaštitni) sloj.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Ed Yong\|title=Why the Coronavirus Has Been So Successful\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/03/biography-new-coronavirus/608338/\|date=2020-03-20\|language=en-US\|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|title=Home\|url=https://covid19.govt.nz/\|language=en-GB\|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Piše: Jelena Kalinić\|title=Oslobođenje - Koji sapun će vas zaštititi od SARS-CoV-2?\|url=https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/o2/tehnologija/nauka/koji-sapun-ce-vas-zastititi-od-sars-cov-2-542325\|language=bs-ba\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref>

	SARS-CoV-2 se jedino može reproducirati ulaskom u živu stanicu. Kada virus uđe u tijelo, obično odlazi u pluća, slezenu ili utrobu. Pluća su obložena milijardama epitelnih stanica. Virus se povezuje na specifičan način receptor stanične membrane kako bi unio svoj genetski materijal. Nakon što se SARS-CoV-2 virion pričvrsti na ciljanu stanicu, stanična [[ proteaze\|proteaza]] TMPRSS2 razreže šiljasti protein virusa, izlažući [[fuzijski peptid]]. Tada virion oslobađa RNK u stanicu, prisiljavajući je da stvara kopije virusa koji se [[ Propadanje virusa\|diseminiraju]] kako bi inficirao više stanica. <ref name="econ-anatomy-killer">{{cite magazine\|title=Anatomy of a Killer: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 and the drugs that might lessen its power\|url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2020/03/12/understanding-sars-cov-2-and-the-drugs-that-might-lessen-its-power\|vauthors=\|magazine=[[The Economist]]\|date=12 March 2020\|access-date=14 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314010231/https://www.economist.com/briefing/2020/03/12/understanding-sars-cov-2-and-the-drugs-that-might-lessen-its-power\|archive-date=14 March 2020\|url-status=live}}</ref> SARS-CoV-2 proizvodi najmanje tri [[ Faktor virulencije\|faktora virulencije]] koji promiču izbacivanje novih viriona iz stanica domaćina i koče [[imunološki odgovor]]. <ref name="WuStructure">{{Citiranje časopisa\|title=Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods\|date=February 2020\|journal=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B}}</ref> Broj zaraženih stanica raste eksponencijalno. Nakon otprilike 10 dana milijuni tjelesnih stanica se zaraze, a pluća vrve milijardama virusa.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Jiang Gu, Christine Korteweg\|title=Pathology and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1829448/\|date=2007-4\|journal=The American Journal of Pathology\|volume=170\|issue=4\|pages=1136–1147\|id=10.2353/ajpath.2007.061088\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref>		SARS-CoV-2 se jedino može reproducirati ulaskom u živu stanicu. Kada virus uđe u tijelo, obično odlazi u pluća, slezenu ili utrobu. Pluća su obložena milijardama epitelnih stanica. Virus se povezuje na specifičan način receptor stanične membrane kako bi unio svoj genetski materijal. Nakon što se SARS-CoV-2 virion pričvrsti na ciljanu stanicu, stanična [[ proteaze\|proteaza]] TMPRSS2 razreže šiljasti protein virusa, izlažući [[fuzijski peptid]]. Tada virion oslobađa RNK u stanicu, prisiljavajući je da stvara kopije virusa koji se [[ Propadanje virusa\|diseminiraju]] kako bi inficirao više stanica. <ref name="econ-anatomy-killer">{{cite magazine\|title=Anatomy of a Killer: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 and the drugs that might lessen its power\|url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2020/03/12/understanding-sars-cov-2-and-the-drugs-that-might-lessen-its-power\|vauthors=\|magazine=[[The Economist]]\|date=12 March 2020\|access-date=14 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314010231/https://www.economist.com/briefing/2020/03/12/understanding-sars-cov-2-and-the-drugs-that-might-lessen-its-power\|archive-date=14 March 2020\|url-status=live}}</ref> SARS-CoV-2 proizvodi najmanje tri [[ Faktor virulencije\|faktora virulencije]] koji promiču izbacivanje novih viriona iz stanica domaćina i koče [[imunološki odgovor]]. <ref name="WuStructure">{{Citiranje časopisa\|title=Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods\|date=February 2020\|journal=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B}}</ref> Broj zaraženih stanica raste eksponencijalno. Nakon otprilike 10 dana milijuni tjelesnih stanica se zaraze, a pluća vrve milijardama virusa.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa\|author=Jiang Gu, Christine Korteweg\|title=Pathology and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome\|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1829448/\|date=2007-4\|journal=The American Journal of Pathology\|volume=170\|issue=4\|pages=1136–1147\|id=10.2353/ajpath.2007.061088\|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref>

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{{Aktualno-koronavirus}}
{{dz|[[SARS]]}}
{{Taksokvir
| boja = #fafabe
| phylum =
| subspecies = ''[[Orthocoronavirinae]]''
| species = ''[[SARS]]''
| genus = ''[[Betacoronavirus]]''
| familia = ''[[Coronaviridae]]''
| ordo = ''[[Nidovirales]]''
| classis =
| regnum =
| skupina_virusa =
| raspon_fosila =
| izumrli =
| status =
| slika = SARS-CoV with corona.jpg
| slika_opis = Elektronski mikrograf SARS-CoV-2 viriona
| slika2 = SARS-CoV-2 without background.png
| slika2_opis = Ilustracija viriona
| naziv = Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom koronavirus 2
| sinonimi = SARS-CoV-2<br>2019-nCoV<br>Novi koronavirus 2019
}}

'''Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom koronavirus 2''' ([[Engleski jezik|engl.]] ''Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2''), skraćeno: '''SARS-CoV-2''' (prethodno: '''2019-nCoV''' ili '''koronavirus 2019''') je zarazni [[virus]] koji uzrokuje novu bolest [[MKB-10 poglavlje X: Bolesti dišnog (respiracijskog) sustava|dišnih puteva]] – [[COVID-19]]. Virus je također uzrok [[Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.|pandemije koronavirusa 2019./20.]], koja je se [[Pandemija koronavirusa u Hrvatskoj 2020.|proširila i na Hrvatsku]]. SARS-CoV-2 je otkriven u [[Kina|Kini]] krajem 2019. godine.<ref name="HZJZ">[https://www.hzjz.hr/priopcenja-mediji/pitanja-i-odgovori-o-bolesti-uzrokovanoj-novim-koronavirusom/ Pitanja i odgovori o bolesti uzrokovanoj novim koronavirusom], hzjz.hr, pristupljeno 27. ožujka 2020.</ref>

[[Genom]]sko [[sekvenciranje]] je pokazalo da je to pozitivni, jedno-lančani [[Ribonukleinska kiselina|RNK]] [[koronavirus]] i sadrži 29.903 [[Nukleotidi|nukleotida]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinacdc.cn/dfdt/201912/t20191226_209404.html|title=中国疾病预防控制中心|publisher=[[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention]]|location=People's Republic of China|language=Chinese|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206072618/http://www.chinacdc.cn/dfdt/201912/t20191226_209404.html|archive-date=6. veljače 2020.|url-status=live|accessdate=27. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Svaki virion je dug od 50 do 200 nanometara.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Nanshan Chen, Min Zhou, Xuan Dong, Jieming Qu, Fengyun Gong, Yang Han|title=Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30211-7/abstract|date=2020-02-15|journal=The Lancet|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=507–513|id=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7|language=English|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref>

Kao što ga je opisao američki Nacionalni institut za zdravstvo, on je nasljednik [[Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom coronavirus|SARS-CoV-1]],<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/new-coronavirus-stable-hours-surfaces|title=New coronavirus stable for hours on surfaces|date=2020-03-17|work=National Institutes of Health (NIH)|language=EN|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref> soja koji je prouzročio izbijanje [[Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom|epidemije SARS-a 2002-2004]].

Taksonomski gledano, SARS-CoV-2 je vrsta ''[[Sarbecovirus|koronavirusa povezanog s teškim akutnim respiratornim sindromom]]'' (SARSr-CoV).

Mnogi rani slučajevi bili su povezani sa velikom pijacom [[Morski plodovi|morskih plodova]] i [[Životinje|životinja]] u [[Wuhan]]u. Smatra se da virus ima životinjsko porijeklo. Redanjem genetskih sekvenci ovog virusa i drugih uzoraka virusa pokazala su sličnost sa [[Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom|SARS-CoV]] (79,5 %) i koronavirusom [[šišmiš|netopira]] (96 %).<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|last1=Zhou|first1=Peng|last2=Yang|first2=Xing-Lou|last3=Wang|first3=Xian-Guang|last4=Hu|first4=Ben|last5=Zhang|first5=Lei|last6=Zhang|first6=Wei|last7=Si|first7=Hao-Rui|date=3. veljače 2020.|title=A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2012-7|journal=Nature|pages=1–4|doi=10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7|pmid=32015507|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203131759/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2012-7|archive-date=3. veljače 2020.|access-date=27. ožujka 2020.|via=www.nature.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Zbog toga se smatra da porijeklo virusa vjerojatno dolazi od [[šišmiš|netopira]],<ref name=":4">{{cite journal|last1=Benvenuto|first1=Domenico|last2=Giovannetti|first2=Marta|last3=Ciccozzi|first3=Alessandra|last4=Spoto|first4=Silvia|last5=Angeletti|first5=Silvia|last6=Ciccozzi|first6=Massimo|year=2020|title=The 2019 new Coronavirus epidemic: evidence for virus evolution|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.915157v1|journal=bioRxiv|volume=|pages=2020.01.24.915157|doi=10.1101/2020.01.24.915157|via=}}</ref><ref name="Cyranoski">{{Cite journal|last=Callaway|first=Ewen|last2=Cyranoski|first2=David|date=23. siječnja 2020.|title=Why snakes probably aren't spreading the new China virus|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00180-8|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00180-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125051951/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00180-8|archive-date=21. siječnja 2020.|access-date=27. ožujka 2020.|url-status=live}}</ref> iako porijeklo od [[Ljuskavci|pangolina]] nije isključeno. Virus pokazuje malu genetsku raznolikost, što ukazuje na to da se slučaj unošenja SARS-CoV-2 na ljude vjerojatno dogodio krajem 2019. U rujnu 2020., na temelju [[Analiza podataka|analize podataka]], istraživači su izvijestili o otkriću virusnog [[Genom|genoma]] kod nultog pacijenta.<ref name="ST-202011072">{{Citiranje novina|last=Caspermeyer|first=Joseph|title=COVID-19 Patient Zero: Data Analysis Identifies the "Mother" of All SARS-CoV-2 Genomes|url=https://scitechdaily.com/covid-19-patient-zero-data-analysis-identifies-the-mother-of-all-sars-cov-2-genomes/|date=7 November 2020|work=[[SciTech (magazine)|SciTechDaily]]|accessdate=7 November 2020|archivedate=17 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117010824/https://scitechdaily.com/covid-19-patient-zero-data-analysis-identifies-the-mother-of-all-sars-cov-2-genomes/}}</ref><ref name="BR-202011072">{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Kumar, Sudhir|title=An evolutionary portrait of the progenitor SARS-CoV-2 and its dominant offshoots in COVID-19 pandemic|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.24.311845v2|date=29 September 2020|journal=[[bioRxiv]]|accessdate=7 November 2020}}</ref>

[[Epidemiologija|Epidemiološke]] studije procjenjuju da svaka infekcija rezultira s 5,7 novih slučajeva kada niti jedan pripadnik zajednice nije [[Imunost (medicina)|imun]] i ako se ne poduzmu preventivne mjere.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Steven Sanche, Yen Ting Lin, Chonggang Xu, Ethan Romero-Severson, Nick Hengartner, Ruian Ke|title=High Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7323562/|date=2020-7|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=26|issue=7|pages=1470–1477|id=10.3201/eid2607.200282|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref> Virus se prvenstveno širi između ljudi bliskim kontaktom i putem respiratornih kapljica proizvedenih od [[Kašalj|kašlja]] ili [[Kihanje|kihanja]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19|title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)|work=www.who.int|language=en|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Transmission|last=CDC|date=2020-10-28|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref> Uglavnom ulazi u ljudske stanice vežući se za enzim za pretvaranje angiotenzina 2 ([[ACE2]]).<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Peng Zhou, Xing-Lou Yang, Xian-Guang Wang, Ben Hu, Lei Zhang, Wei Zhang|title=A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095418/|date=2020|journal=Nature|volume=579|issue=7798|pages=270–273|id=10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Michael Letko, Andrea Marzi, Vincent Munster|title=Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095430/|date=2020-02-24|journal=Nature Microbiology|pages=1–8|id=10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Markus Hoffmann, Hannah Kleine-Weber, Simon Schroeder, Nadine Krüger, Tanja Herrler, Sandra Erichsen|title=SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102627/|date=2020-04-16|journal=Cell|volume=181|issue=2|pages=271–280.e8|id=10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref>

Da ne dođe do zabune sa [[Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom|SARS-om]], [[Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija]] je u svojim javnim istupima, izvorno nazivala SARS-CoV-2 odnosno 2019-nCoV kao "virus koji je izazvao bolest [[COVID-19]]".<ref name="COVIDname">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it|title=Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) and the virus that causes it|publisher=Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija|accessdate=24. veljače 2020.|quote=From a risk communications perspective, using the name SARS can have unintended consequences in terms of creating unnecessary fear for some populations.... For that reason and others, WHO has begun referring to the virus as “the virus responsible for COVID-19” or “the COVID-19 virus” when communicating with the public. Neither of these designations are [sic] intended as replacements for the official name of the virus as agreed by the ICTV.}}</ref> Šira javnost često virus i bolest naziva "[[koronavirus]]om", ali znanstvenici i većina novinara obično koriste preciznije izraze.

== Terminologija ==
Tijekom početka epidemije u [[Wuhan|Wuhanu]], postojala su različita imena za virus; neka imena koja su koristili različiti izvori uključuju "koronavirus" ili "wuhanski koronavirus".<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/22/798277557/how-does-wuhan-coronavirus-compare-to-mers-sars-and-the-common-cold|title=How Does The Novel Coronavirus Compare With MERS, SARS And The Common Cold?|work=NPR.org|language=en|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Dan Fox|title=What you need to know about the novel coronavirus|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00209-y|date=2020-01-24|journal=Nature|id=10.1038/d41586-020-00209-y|language=en|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref> U siječnju 2020. [[Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija]] preporučila je naziv "novi koronavirus 2019." (2019-nCov) kao privremeni naziv virusa.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=World Health Organization|title=Novel Coronavirus (‎‎2019-nCoV)‎‎: situation report, 10|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330775|date=2020-01-30|language=en|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|last=CDC|date=2020-02-11|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref> To je bilo u skladu sa smjernicama SZO-a iz [[2015.]] protiv upotrebe zemljopisnih mjesta, životinjskih vrsta ili skupina ljudi u imenima bolesti i virusa.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-named-covid-19-who|title=Novel coronavirus named 'Covid-19': WHO|work=TODAYonline|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje novina|title=The coronavirus spreads racism against—and among—ethnic Chinese|url=https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/17/the-coronavirus-spreads-racism-against-and-among-ethnic-chinese|work=The Economist|date=2020-02-17|accessdate=2020-12-25|id=0013-0613}}</ref>

[[Međunarodni odbor za taksonomiju virusa]] usvojio je [[11. veljače]] 2020. službeni naziv "teški akutni respiratorni sindrom koronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2). Kako bi se izbjegla zabuna s bolešću [[Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom|SARS]], [[SZO]] ponekad naziva SARS-CoV-2 kao "virus COVID-19" u javnozdravstvenim komunikacijama<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://qz.com/1820422/coronavirus-why-wont-who-use-the-name-sars-cov-2/|title=Why won’t the WHO call the coronavirus by its name, SARS-CoV-2?|last=Hui|first=Mary|work=Quartz|language=en|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it|title=Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it|work=www.who.int|language=en|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref> i naziv HCoV-19 uključen je u neke istraživačke članke.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Gary Wong, Yu-Hai Bi, Qi-Hui Wang, Xin-Wen Chen, Zhi-Gang Zhang, Yong-Gang Yao|title=Zoonotic origins of human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19 / SARS-CoV-2): why is this work important?|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7231470/|date=2020-5|journal=Zoological Research|volume=41|issue=3|pages=213–219|id=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.031|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Kristian G. Andersen, Andrew Rambaut, W. Ian Lipkin, Edward C. Holmes, Robert F. Garry|title=The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095063/|date=2020-03-17|journal=Nature Medicine|pages=1–3|id=10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Neeltje van Doremalen, Trenton Bushmaker, Dylan H. Morris, Myndi G. Holbrook, Amandine Gamble, Brandi N. Williamson|title=Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121658/|date=2020-03-17|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|id=10.1056/NEJMc2004973|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref>

Šira javnost i virus i bolest koju uzrokuje često naziva "koronavirusom". Američki predsjednik [[Donald Trump]] u tvitovima, intervjuima i informiranjima za tisak [[Bijela kuća|Bijele kuće]] u više je navrata virus nazivao "kineskim virusom", što je povuklo neke kritike da je bolest stigmatizirao rasnim ili nacionalističkim prizvukom.<ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/488479-who-official-warns-against-calling-it-chinese-virus-says-there-is-no|title=WHO official warns against calling it 'Chinese virus,' says 'there is no blame in this'|last=Gstalter|first=Morgan|date=2020-03-19|work=TheHill|language=en|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje weba|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-heads-tulsa-return-rally-amid-pandemic-mounting/story?id=71307799|title=Trump refers to 'kung flu,' West Point ramp and 'sleepy Joe Biden' as he returns to campaign at Tulsa rally|last=News|first=A. B. C.|work=ABC News|language=en|accessdate=2020-12-25}}</ref>

==[[Virologija]]==
[[File:SARS-CoV-2 virion animation.gif|thumb|left|Animacija SARS-CoV-2 viriona]]

Prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka potvrđen je tijekom [[Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.|pandemije novog koronavirusa]].<ref name="Chan24Jan20202">{{cite journal|display-authors=6|date=februar 2020|title=A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster|journal=Lancet|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=514–523|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9|pmid=31986261|vauthors=Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, Tsoi HW, Lo SK, Chan KH, Poon VK, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VC, Chen H, Hui CK, Yuen KY}}</ref> Prenosi se uglavnom putem respiratornih kapljica od [[Kašalj|kašljanja]] u rasponu od oko 1,8 m.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856|title=How does coronavirus spread?|vauthors=Edwards E|date=25. siječnja 2020.|publisher=[[NBC News]]|access-date=13. 3. 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128081650/https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-does-new-coronavirus-spread-n1121856|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html|title=How COVID-19 Spreads|date=27. siječnja 2020.|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128152653/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html|archive-date=28. siječnja 2020.|url-status=live|access-date=27. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Moguće se zaraziti i indirektno preko kontaminiranih površina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf|title=Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19|date=27. veljače 2020.|website=[[Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=live|access-date=3. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Preliminarna istraživanja pokazuju da virus može ostati održiv na plastici i čeliku do tri dana, ali ne opstaje na kartonu dulje od jednog dana ili na bakru dulje od četiri sata;<ref>{{Citation|title=Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1|last4=Holbrook|first9=Natalie J.|last8=Harcourt|first8=Jennifer L.|last7=Tamin|first7=Azaibi|last6=Williamson|first6=Brandi N.|last5=Gamble|first5=Amandine|first4=Myndi G.|url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2004973|last3=Morris|first3=Dylan H.|last2=Bushmaker|first2=Trenton|last=Doremalen|first=Neeltje van|language=en|doi=10.1056/nejmc2004973|accessdate=2020-03-27|date=2020-03-17|last9=Thornburg}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Cybermed d o o http://www.cybermed.hr|title=Novi koronavirus može satima ostati u zraku, a na površinama danima|url=https://www.cybermed.hr/vijesti/novi_koronavirus_moze_satima_ostati_u_zraku_a_na_povrsinama_danima|language=hr|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref> virus se inaktivira sapunom, koji destabilizira njegov lipidni (zaštitni) sloj.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Ed Yong|title=Why the Coronavirus Has Been So Successful|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/03/biography-new-coronavirus/608338/|date=2020-03-20|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|title=Home|url=https://covid19.govt.nz/|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Piše: Jelena Kalinić|title=Oslobođenje - Koji sapun će vas zaštititi od SARS-CoV-2?|url=https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/o2/tehnologija/nauka/koji-sapun-ce-vas-zastititi-od-sars-cov-2-542325|language=bs-ba|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref>

SARS-CoV-2 se jedino može reproducirati ulaskom u živu stanicu. Kada virus uđe u tijelo, obično odlazi u pluća, slezenu ili utrobu. Pluća su obložena milijardama epitelnih stanica. Virus se povezuje na specifičan način receptor stanične membrane kako bi unio svoj genetski materijal. Nakon što se SARS-CoV-2 virion pričvrsti na ciljanu stanicu, stanična [[ proteaze|proteaza]] TMPRSS2 razreže šiljasti protein virusa, izlažući [[fuzijski peptid]]. Tada virion oslobađa RNK u stanicu, prisiljavajući je da stvara kopije virusa koji se [[ Propadanje virusa|diseminiraju]] kako bi inficirao više stanica. <ref name="econ-anatomy-killer">{{cite magazine|title=Anatomy of a Killer: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 and the drugs that might lessen its power|url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2020/03/12/understanding-sars-cov-2-and-the-drugs-that-might-lessen-its-power|vauthors=|magazine=[[The Economist]]|date=12 March 2020|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314010231/https://www.economist.com/briefing/2020/03/12/understanding-sars-cov-2-and-the-drugs-that-might-lessen-its-power|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> SARS-CoV-2 proizvodi najmanje tri [[ Faktor virulencije|faktora virulencije]] koji promiču izbacivanje novih viriona iz stanica domaćina i koče [[imunološki odgovor]]. <ref name="WuStructure">{{Citiranje časopisa|title=Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods|date=February 2020|journal=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B}}</ref> Broj zaraženih stanica raste eksponencijalno. Nakon otprilike 10 dana milijuni tjelesnih stanica se zaraze, a pluća vrve milijardama virusa.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Jiang Gu, Christine Korteweg|title=Pathology and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1829448/|date=2007-4|journal=The American Journal of Pathology|volume=170|issue=4|pages=1136–1147|id=10.2353/ajpath.2007.061088|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref>

SARS-CoV-2 također ima vlastiti [[Imunosni sustav|imunološki sustav]]. Kako stanice imunološkog sustava hrle u borbu protiv virusa, SARS zarazi neke od njih i stvara pomutnju. Dvije stanice koje su osobite opasne kad su zaražene su [[Neutrofil|neutrofili]] i [[T-stanica|citotoksične T-stanice]]. Prvo, neutrofili, koji su sjajni u ubijanju stvari, uključujući i nas same. Čim ih stigne na tisuće, počinju crpiti [[Enzim|enzime]] koji uništavaju onoliko prijatelja koliko i neprijatelja. T-stanice obično naređuju zaraženim stanicama da počine kontrolirano samoubojstvo. Zaražene stanice počinju naređivati zdravim stanicama da se i same ubiju.<ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Anthony W. Segal|title=How neutrophils kill microbes|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15771570|date=2005|journal=Annual Review of Immunology|volume=23|pages=197–223|id=10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Citiranje časopisa|author=Irani Thevarajan, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Marios Koutsakos, Julian Druce, Leon Caly, Carolien E. van de Sandt|title=Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0819-2|date=2020-03-16|journal=Nature Medicine|pages=1–3|id=10.1038/s41591-020-0819-2|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref>

Virus se širi relativno brzo među ljudima, te se procjenjuje da bi jedna oboljela osoba u prosjeku mogla zaraziti dvije do tri osjetljive osobe.<ref name="HZJZ" />

Također je moguća [[infekcija]] tijekom [[Inkubacija|inkubacijskog razdoblja]] virusa, ali to još nije u potpunosti dokazano,<ref>{{cite journal|date=veljače 2020.|title=Study claiming new coronavirus can be transmitted by people without symptoms was flawed|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.abb1524|vauthors=Kupferschmidt K}}</ref> tako da takva vrsta prenošenja nije rasprostranjena, te da su [[Infekcija|infekcije]] uglavnom rezultat prenošenja virusa od pacijenata koji imaju stvarne simptome bolesti [[COVID-19]].

Prvi poznate infekcije virusnog soja SARS-CoV-2 su se dogodile u kineskom gradu Wuhanu, međutim izvor zaraze ostaje nepoznat.<ref name="early">{{cite journal|date=januar 2020|title=Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally|journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.abb0611|issn=0036-8075|vauthors=Cohen J}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popsci.com/story/health/wuhan-coronavirus-china-wet-market-wild-animal/|title=We're still not sure where the Wuhan coronavirus really came from|date=28. siječnja 2020.|website=[[Popular Science]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/NXjMq|archive-date=29. siječnja 2020.|url-status=live|vauthors=Eschner K|access-date=30. siječnja 2020.}}</ref>

== Mutacije ==
SARS-COV-2 ima nekoliko značajnih inačica za koje se vjeruje ili se vjeruje da su od posebne važnosti kao što su [[501.V2]], [[Klaster 5]] i [[VOC-202012/01]].<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/19/world/south-africa-announces-a-new-coronavirus-variant.html|title=South Africa announces a new coronavirus variant|date=18 December 2020|access-date=20 December 2020|work=[[The New York Times|The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2020-11-08|title=6 countries find coronavirus at mink farms; fears mutation could hinder vaccine|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/6-countries-find-coronavirus-at-mink-farms-fears-mutation-could-hinder-vaccine/|access-date=2020-11-09|quote=Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden are the other nations to have discovered SARS-CoV-2 in minks, WHO said in a statement.}}</ref><ref name="Chandetal.">{{cite report
|first1=Meera |last1=Chand
|first2=Susan |last2=Hopkins
|first3=Gavin |last3=Dabrera
|first4=Christina |last4=Achison
|first5=Wendy |last5=Barclay
|first6=Neil |last6=Ferguson
|first7=Erik |last7=Volz
|first8=Nick |last8=Loman
|first9=Andrew |last9=Rambaut
|first10=Jeff |last10=Barrett
|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/947048/Technical_Briefing_VOC_SH_NJL2_SH2.pdf |title=Investigation of novel SARS-COV-2 variant: Variant of Concern 202012/01 |date=21 December 2020 |accessdate=23 December 2020 |publisher=[[Public Health England]]}}</ref>

==[[Epidemiologija]]==
{{glavni|Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.}}Na temelju male varijabilnosti koja je izložena među poznatim genskim sekvencama SARS-CoV-2, smatra se da su soj otkrili zdravstveni organi u tjednima nakon što su se pojavili među ljudskom populacijom krajem 2019. godine. Pretpostavlja se, da je se prvi poznati slučaj [[Infekcija|infekcije]] dogodio 17. studenog 2019. godine.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus: China's first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3074991/coronavirus-chinas-first-confirmed-covid-19-case-traced-back|website=[[South China Morning Post]]|vauthors=Ma J|date=13. ožujka 2020.|access-date=26. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> Virus se potom proširio na sve pokrajine [[Kina|Narodne Republike Kine]], a onda i ostatak [[Svijet|svijeta]].<ref>{{cite journal|display-authors=6|date=ožujka 2020.|title=Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany|journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]|volume=382|issue=10|pages=970–971|doi=10.1056/NEJMc2001468|pmid=32003551|vauthors=Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C, Zimmer T, Thiel V, Janke C, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Drosten C, Vollmar P, Zwirglmaier K, Zange S, Wölfel R, Hoelscher M}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-ecuador/ecuador-confirms-five-new-cases-of-coronavirus-all-close-to-initial-patient-idUSKBN20O2EE|title=Ecuador confirms five new cases of coronavirus, all close to initial patient|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=2. ožujka 2020.|access-date=26. ožujka 2020.}}</ref> [[Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija]] proglasila je [[30. siječnja]] [[2020.]] međunarodnu hitnu situaciju,<ref name="NYT 20200130">{{cite news|title=W.H.O. Declares Global Emergency as Wuhan Coronavirus Spreads|vauthors=Wee SL, ((McNeil Jr. DG)), Hernández JC|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=30. siječnja 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/health/coronavirus-world-health-organization.html|access-date=26. ožujka 2020.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130195011/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/health/coronavirus-world-health-organization.html|archive-date=30. siječnja 2020.|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|date=30. siječnja 2020.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|access-date=30. siječnja 2020.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131005904/https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|archive-date=31. siječnja 2020.|url-status=live}}</ref> a [[11. ožujka]] [[2020.]] [[Pandemija|pandemiju]].<ref>{{cite press release|title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|date=11. ožujka 2020.|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|access-date=26. ožujka 2020.|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Galerija ==
Elektronski mikrografi virusa SARS-CoV-2:
<gallery>
SARS-CoV-2 (yellow).jpg|SARS-CoV-2 (žuta) u nastajanju iz ljudske ćelije
Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (49534370233).jpg|SARS-CoV-2 virion sa vidljivom koronom
SARS-CoV-2 49534865371.jpg|SARS-CoV-2 virion sa vidljivom koronom
SARS-CoV-2.jpg|SARS-CoV-2 (žuta) u nastajanju iz ljudske ćelije
Coronavirus virion structure.svg|Struktura SARS-CoV-2
Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (49597020718).jpg|Virioni SARS-CoV-2 izolirani iz pacijenta tijekom pandemije.
</gallery>

== Povezani članci ==
* [[COVID-19]]
* [[Koronavirus]]
* [[Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.]]
* [[Pandemija koronavirusa u Hrvatskoj 2020.]]

== Izvori ==
<div style="height: 220px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border:1px solid #AAAAAA; reflist4" >
{{izvori|2}}
</div><br>

== Vanjske poveznice ==
{{commonscat|SARS-CoV-2}}

{{upozorenje-medicina}}

[[Kategorija:Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.]]
[[Kategorija:Koronavirus]]