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	<id>https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Kolnjaci</id>
	<title>Kolnjaci - Povijest promjena</title>
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	<updated>2026-07-16T21:21:54Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Povijest promjena ove stranice na wikiju</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?title=Kolnjaci&amp;diff=672461&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Suradnik10: Zamjena teksta - &#039;{{WProjekti↵\|commons(.*)\=(.*)↵\|commonshr(.*)\=(.*)↵\|commonscat(.*)\=(.*)↵\|commonscathr(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikivrste(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikivrstehr(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikizvor(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikizvor_autor(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wječnik(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikiknjige(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikicitat(.*)\=(.*)↵}}&#039; u &#039;&#039;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?title=Kolnjaci&amp;diff=672461&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-03-12T17:16:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Zamjena teksta - &amp;#039;{{WProjekti↵\|commons(.*)\=(.*)↵\|commonshr(.*)\=(.*)↵\|commonscat(.*)\=(.*)↵\|commonscathr(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikivrste(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikivrstehr(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikizvor(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikizvor_autor(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wječnik(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikiknjige(.*)\=(.*)↵\|wikicitat(.*)\=(.*)↵}}&amp;#039; u &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;hr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;←Starija inačica&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Inačica od 12. ožujak 2026. u 17:16&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l232&quot;&gt;Redak 232:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Redak 232:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Drugi projekti ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Drugi projekti ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[http://www.hydro-kosmos.de/mikmak/micro.htm Mikrofauna i Mikroflora u vrtnom jezercu]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[http://www.hydro-kosmos.de/mikmak/micro.htm Mikrofauna i Mikroflora u vrtnom jezercu]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{WProjekti&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|commons        = &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|commonshr      = &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|commonscat     = Rotifera&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|commonscathr   = Kolnjaci&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|wikivrste      = Rotifera&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|wikivrstehr    = Kolnjacima&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|wikizvor       = &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|wikizvor_autor = &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|wječnik        = &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|wikiknjige     = &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|wikicitat      = &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Kategorija:Platyzoa]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Kategorija:Platyzoa]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Suradnik10</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?title=Kolnjaci&amp;diff=62847&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://enciklopedija.cc/index.php?title=Kolnjaci&amp;diff=62847&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-08-27T00:39:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Bot: Automatski unos stranica&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nova stranica&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kolnjaci&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;--&amp;gt;{{Taksokvir &lt;br /&gt;
| boja = pink&lt;br /&gt;
| naziv = Kolnjaci&lt;br /&gt;
| slika = Mikrofoto.de-Raedertier Ptygura pilula 2.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| slika_širina = 240px&lt;br /&gt;
| slika_opis = Ptygura pilula&lt;br /&gt;
| raspon_fosila = [[Eocen]] - [[recentna vrsta|Recentni]]&lt;br /&gt;
| regnum = [[Životinje|Animalia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| superphylum = [[Platyzoa]] &lt;br /&gt;
| phylum = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Rotifera&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| phylum_autorstvo = &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1798.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| razdioba_stupanj = [[Razred (taksonomija)|Razred]]i&lt;br /&gt;
| razdioba = [[Monogononta]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Digononta]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kolnjaci&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Rotatoria, Rotifera) su [[Koljeno (taksonomija)|koljeno]] vrlo malenih [[životinje|životinja]] koje pripadaju [[Natkoljeno (taksonomija)|natkoljenu]] [[oblenjaci|oblenjaka]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Alegro&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Alegro, Antun, Krajačić, Mladen, Lucić, Andreja, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Život 2: udžbenik biologije u drugom razredu gimnazije&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2014., ISNB 978-953-0-22029-4, str. 96.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;Najveće životinje dosežu dužinu od 3 mm, s [[gen]]etski utvrđenim brojem [[stanica]] ([[eutelija]]). U ovo koljeno svrstane [[životinje]] spadaju u skupinu najmanjih [[višestaničari|višestaničnih životinja]] (od 0,1 do najviše nepuna 3 milimetra). pokretljivi prednji i stražnji dijelovi izlaze iz [[hitin]]skog oklopa kojim je zaštićeno [[valjak|valjkasto]] tijelo, a na glavi imaju vijenac treplji (rotatorni aparat). Treplje neprekidno trepere i tako pokreću tijelo, a stvaranjem struje vode, prinosi hranu ustima. U svijetu živi oko 2.000 dijelom vrlo različitih [[vrsta]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Životni okoliš==&lt;br /&gt;
Kolnjaci su vrlo otporne životinje i mogu preživjeti u vrlo različitim sredinama. Na kopnu, žive na [[stablo|stablima]], u vlažnoj [[mahovine|mahovini]] kao i u [[pijesak|pijesku]] ili između mrvica [[tlo|tla]], no jednako tako nastanjuju i [[more|mora]] i slatkovodne sredine, gdje su važan izvor hrane većim životinjama. Pri tome, ne smetaju im hladnoće [[Antarktika|Antarktike]] odnosno [[Arktik]]a, kao ni visoke temperature [[termalni izvor|termalnih izvora]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Različiti [[Rod (taksonomija)|rod]]ovi kolnjaka žive ili trajno pričvršćeni na biljkama ili slobodno plutaju vodom ili u [[detritus]]u. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Morfologija==&lt;br /&gt;
Izgled kolnjaka je vrlo različit, no grubo se može podijeliti na tri dijela, s tim da vrste koje žive na biljkama oblikom potsjećaju na crve a vrste u vodi izgledaju vrećasto.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Glava s rotatornim organom&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - rotatorni organ sastoji se od dva vijenca trepetljika koje su gotovo neprekidno u pokretu i zbog toga liče na kotače koji se okreću. Na taj način se kreću a istovremeno izazivaju strujanje vode s hranjivim djelićima. Kolnjaci mogu uvući ili izvući rotatorni organ.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Trup&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - u sredini tijela nalazi se obično [[hitin]]skim omotačem zaštićen trup. Crvolike vrste mogu glavu i stopalo uvući u trup.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stopalo&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - stopalo kolnjaka ima dvije izrasline s dvije [[žlijezda|žlijezde]] koje luče ljepljivu tvar kojom se životinja može povremeno ili trajno držati za odabranu podlogu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Obzirom na građu tijela, kolnjaci se mogu kretati na više načina: kliziti, plivati, skupljanjem i istezanjem puzati ili se kretati uz pomoć trepetljika na roratornom organu. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
U vrijeme suše, kolnjaci koriste sposobnost [[anabioza|anabioze]]. Iz tijela izbace tjelesnu tekućinu i skvrče se u kuglasti oblik. U takvom obliku, nazvanom i &amp;quot;suhom ukočenosti&amp;quot;, mogu preživjeti do četiri godine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Na trupu ili stopalu mogu ostati pričvršćeni paketi ili pojedinačna [[jaje|jaja]] koja imaju istu sposobnost reagiranja na loše uvjete u okolišu kao i odrasle životinje.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Hrana==&lt;br /&gt;
Većina vrsta hrani se algama ili [[detritus]]om. Neke vrste trepetljikama i strujom vode hvataju alge ili [[bakterije]]. No, postoje i grabežljivi kolnjaci koji iz vode koja struji love vrlo male [[jednostaničari|jednostanične životinje]] ili dijelove. Vrsta &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Asplanchna birghtwelli&amp;#039;&amp;#039; koja je velika samo oko 1 mm je također grabežljivac. U vodu izlučuje [[peptid]]. Druge vrste imaju drugačije načine lova, a neke vrste [[parazit]]iraju na drugim životinjama.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Razmnožavanje i očekivani životni vijek==&lt;br /&gt;
Pojedini [[Rod (taksonomija)|rod]]ovi kolnjaka imaju različite načine razmnožavanja. U povoljnim uvjetima (uglavnom u ljetnim mjesecima) razmnožavaju se nespolno ([[partenogeneza]]), a kad su uvjeti nepovoljni (uglavnom u jesen), razmnožavanje je spolno.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Očekivani životni vijek pojedinih [[vrsta]] kolnjaka je različit, no u prosjeku je to oko jednog tjedna.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Taksonomija==&lt;br /&gt;
Iako se kolnjaci i danas smatraju koljenom, prema filogenetskim, morfološkim i molekularnobiološkim usporedbama danas ih se više ne smatra prirodnom skupinom ([[monofilija]]) jer se još jedno [[Koljeno (taksonomija)|koljeno]], [[Acanthocephala]], smatra sestrinskom s [[Red (taksonomija)|red]]om [[Bdelloida]] iz koljena kolnjaka&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;James R. Garey, Thomas J. Near, Michael R. Nonnemacher1, Steven A. Nadler: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Molecular evidence for Acanthocephala as a subtaxon of Rotifera.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Journal of Molecular Evolution 43 (3), 1996; Seiten 287–292 ([http://www.springerlink.com/content/25872018183p7t42/ Abstract])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Martín García-Varela, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León, Patricia de la Torre, Michael P. Cummings, S.S.S. Sarma, Juan P. Laclette: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Phylogenetic Relationships of Acanthocephala Based on Analysis of 18S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences.&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Journal of Molecular Evolution 50 (6), 2000; Seiten 532–540 ([http://www.springerlink.com/content/gu4ecrw6k6lkddjx/ Abstract])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Danas se kao aktualna [[hipoteza]] prihvaćaju sljedeći srodnički odnosi unutar kolnjaka:  &lt;br /&gt;
 -- Kolnjaci (Rotatoria)&lt;br /&gt;
    |-- [[Seisonida]]&lt;br /&gt;
    &amp;#039;-- N.N.&lt;br /&gt;
        |-- [[Bdelloida]] i [[Acanthocephala]]&lt;br /&gt;
        &amp;#039;-- [[Monogononta]]&lt;br /&gt;
koljeno Rotifera&lt;br /&gt;
*Razred [[Eurotatoria]]&lt;br /&gt;
**Red [[Bdelloidea]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Adinetidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Adineta]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Bradyscela]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Habrotrochidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Habrotrocha]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Otostephanos]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Scepanotrocha]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Philodinavidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Abrochtha]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Henoceros]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Philodinavus]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Philodinidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Anomopus]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Ceratotrocha]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Didymodactylos]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Dissotrocha]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Embata]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Macrotrachela]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Mniobia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Philodina]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pleuretra]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pseudoembata]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Rotaria]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Zelinkiella]]&lt;br /&gt;
**Red [[Collothecacea]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Atrochidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Acyclus]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Atrochus]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Cupelopagis]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Collothecidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Collotheca]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Stephanoceros]]&lt;br /&gt;
**Red [[Flosculariaceae]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Conochilidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Conochilopsis]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Conochilus]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Flosculariidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Beauchampia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Floscularia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Lacinularia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Limnias]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Octotrocha]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pentatrocha]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Ptygura]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Sinantherina]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Hexarthridae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Hexarthra]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Testudinellidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Anchitestudinella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pompholyx]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Testudinella]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Trochosphaeridae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Filinia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Horaella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Trochosphaera]]&lt;br /&gt;
**Red [[Ploima]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Asciaporrectidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Asciaporrecta]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Asplanchnidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Asplanchna]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Asplanchnopus]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Harringia]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Birgeidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Birgea]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Brachionidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Anuraeopsis]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Brachionus]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Kellicottia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Keratella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Notholca]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Plationus]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Platyias]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Clariaidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Claria]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Cotylegaleatidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Cotylegaleata]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Dicranophoridae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Albertia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Aspelta]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Balatro]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Dicranophoroides]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Dicranophorus]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Donneria]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Dorria]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Encentrum]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Erignatha]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Glaciera]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Inflatana]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Kostea]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Myersinella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Paradicranophorus]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod Parencentrum&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pedipartia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod Streptognatha&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Wierzejskiella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Wigrella]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Epiphanidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Cyrtonia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Epiphanes]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Mikrocodides]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Proalides]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Rhinoglena]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Euchlanidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Beauchampiella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Dipleuchlanis]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Diplois]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Euchlanis]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pseudoeuchlanis]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Tripleuchlanis]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Gastropodidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Ascomorpha]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Gastropus]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Ituridae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Itura]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Lecanidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Lecane]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Lepadellidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Colurella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Lepadella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Paracolurella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Squatinella]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Lindiidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Lindia]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Microcodidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Microcodon]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Mytilinidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Lophocharis]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Mytilina]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Notommatidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Cephalodella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Dorystoma]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Drilophaga]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Enteroplea]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Eosphora]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Eothinia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Monommata]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Notommata]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pleurata]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pleurotrocha]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pleurotrochopsis]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pourriotia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pseudoharringia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Resticula]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Rousseletia]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Sphyrias]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Taphrocampa]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Tylotrocha]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Proalidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Bryceella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Proales]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Proalinopsis]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Wulfertia]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Scaridiidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Scaridium]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica Synchaetidae&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Ploesoma]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Polyarthra]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Pseudoploesoma]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Synchaeta]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Tetrasiphonidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Tetrasiphon]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Trichocercidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Ascomorphella]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Elosa]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Trichocerca]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Trichotriidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Macrochaetus]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Trichotria]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Wolga]]&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Razred [[Pararotatoria]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**Red [[Seisonacea]]&lt;br /&gt;
***Porodica [[Seisonidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Paraseison]]&lt;br /&gt;
****Rod [[Seison]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Izvori ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{izvori}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Drugi projekti ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.hydro-kosmos.de/mikmak/micro.htm Mikrofauna i Mikroflora u vrtnom jezercu]&lt;br /&gt;
{{WProjekti&lt;br /&gt;
|commons        = &lt;br /&gt;
|commonshr      = &lt;br /&gt;
|commonscat     = Rotifera&lt;br /&gt;
|commonscathr   = Kolnjaci&lt;br /&gt;
|wikivrste      = Rotifera&lt;br /&gt;
|wikivrstehr    = Kolnjacima&lt;br /&gt;
|wikizvor       = &lt;br /&gt;
|wikizvor_autor = &lt;br /&gt;
|wječnik        = &lt;br /&gt;
|wikiknjige     = &lt;br /&gt;
|wikicitat      = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kategorija:Platyzoa]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiSysop</name></author>
	</entry>
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