Beringija - Povijest promjena

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2024-12-15T10:34:31Z

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	~~<!--'''Beringija'''-->~~[[Datoteka:Beringia land bridge-noaagov.gif\|mini\|desno\|400 px\|Razine mora (označene plavom) i kopna (označene smeđom) Beringije izražene u metrima od prije 21.000 godina do danas.]]		[[Datoteka:Beringia land bridge-noaagov.gif\|mini\|desno\|400 px\|Razine mora (označene plavom) i kopna (označene smeđom) Beringije izražene u metrima od prije 21.000 godina do danas.]]
	'''Beringija''' ili '''Beringov kopneni most''' danas je definirano kao kopneno i morsko područje na čijem se zapadu nalazi rijeka [[Lena]] u [[Sibir]]u; na istoku rijeka [[Mackenzie]] u [[Kanada\|Kanadi]]; na sjeveru [[Čukotsko more]] na 72° SGŠ; a na jugu [[Kamčatka]].<ref name=shared>{{Citiranje weba\|title=What is Beringia?\|author=Shared Beringian Heritage Program\|publisher=National Park Service, US Department of the Interior\|url=https://www.nps.gov/akso/beringia/beringia/}}</ref> Beringija uključuje [[Čukotsko more]], [[Beringovo more]], [[Beringov prolaz]], [[Čukotski poluotok]], [[Kamčatka\|Kamčatku]] i [[Aljaska\|Aljasku]].		'''Beringija''' ili '''Beringov kopneni most''' danas je definirano kao kopneno i morsko područje na čijem se zapadu nalazi rijeka [[Lena]] u [[Sibir]]u; na istoku rijeka [[Mackenzie]] u [[Kanada\|Kanadi]]; na sjeveru [[Čukotsko more]] na 72° SGŠ; a na jugu [[Kamčatka]].<ref name=shared>{{Citiranje weba\|title=What is Beringia?\|author=Shared Beringian Heritage Program\|publisher=National Park Service, US Department of the Interior\|url=https://www.nps.gov/akso/beringia/beringia/}}</ref> Beringija uključuje [[Čukotsko more]], [[Beringovo more]], [[Beringov prolaz]], [[Čukotski poluotok]], [[Kamčatka\|Kamčatku]] i [[Aljaska\|Aljasku]].

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2022-01-02T06:01:55Z

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←Starija inačica		Inačica od 2. siječanj 2022. u 06:01
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	== Vanjske poveznice ==		== Vanjske poveznice ==
	~~{{Commonscat\|Bering Land Bridge}}~~
	* [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/new-beringia-map-1.4999523 CBC News: New map of Beringia 'opens your imagination' to what landscape looked like 18,000 years ago]		* [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/new-beringia-map-1.4999523 CBC News: New map of Beringia 'opens your imagination' to what landscape looked like 18,000 years ago]
	* [http://www.nps.gov/akso/beringia/index.cfm Shared Beringian Heritage Program]		* [http://www.nps.gov/akso/beringia/index.cfm Shared Beringian Heritage Program]

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2022-01-02T04:27:28Z

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←Starija inačica		Inačica od 2. siječanj 2022. u 04:27
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	Beringija je prije bila [[kopneni most]] koji je povezivao [[Sjeverna Amerika\|Sjevernu Ameriku]] s [[Azija\|Azijom]]. Širina Beringije iznosila je do 1000 km te je pokrivala područje veličine [[Alberta\|Alberte]] i [[Britanska Kolumbija\|Britanske Kolumbije]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba \|url=http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|title=A Journey to a New Land \|author=Dr Barbara Winter \|date=2005 \|website=www.sfu.museum \|publisher=virtualmuseum.ca \|access-date=19 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428231158/http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|archive-date=28 April 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Od središnjeg dijela Beringije jedino su preostali [[Diomedovi otoci]], [[Pribilofski otoci]], [[Otok sv. Lovrijenca]] i [[Otok King (Aljaska)\|Otok King]].<ref name=shared/>		Beringija je prije bila [[kopneni most]] koji je povezivao [[Sjeverna Amerika\|Sjevernu Ameriku]] s [[Azija\|Azijom]]. Širina Beringije iznosila je do 1000 km te je pokrivala područje veličine [[Alberta\|Alberte]] i [[Britanska Kolumbija\|Britanske Kolumbije]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba \|url=http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|title=A Journey to a New Land \|author=Dr Barbara Winter \|date=2005 \|website=www.sfu.museum \|publisher=virtualmuseum.ca \|access-date=19 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428231158/http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|archive-date=28 April 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Od središnjeg dijela Beringije jedino su preostali [[Diomedovi otoci]], [[Pribilofski otoci]], [[Otok sv. Lovrijenca]] i [[Otok King (Aljaska)\|Otok King]].<ref name=shared/>

	Izraz ''Beringija'' skovao je švedski botanist [[Eric Hultén]] [[1937.]] godine.<ref name="HoffeckerElias2007">{{~~cite book~~\|author1=John F. Hoffecker\|author2=Scott A. Elias\|title=Human Ecology of Beringia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VgomQY3o9U0C&pg=PA3\|date=15 June 2007\|publisher=I have no energy Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-13060-8\|page=3\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Tijekom [[ledeno doba\|ledenih doba]], Beringija, poput većine [[Sibir]]a i cijele sjeverne i sjeveroistočne [[Kina\|Kine]], nije bila zaleđena zbog male količine snijega.<ref name="Voous1973">{{~~cite book~~\|author=Karel Hendrik Voous\|title=Proceedings of the 15th International Ornithological Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands 30 August-5 September 1970\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA33\|year=1973\|publisher=Brill Archive\|isbn=978-90-04-03551-5\|page=33\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Beringija je bila prekrivena [[stepa\|stepom]] koja se prostirala stotinama kilometra na oba kontinenta.		Izraz ''Beringija'' skovao je švedski botanist [[Eric Hultén]] [[1937.]] godine.<ref name="HoffeckerElias2007">{{Citiranje knjige\|author1=John F. Hoffecker\|author2=Scott A. Elias\|title=Human Ecology of Beringia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VgomQY3o9U0C&pg=PA3\|date=15 June 2007\|publisher=I have no energy Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-13060-8\|page=3\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Tijekom [[ledeno doba\|ledenih doba]], Beringija, poput većine [[Sibir]]a i cijele sjeverne i sjeveroistočne [[Kina\|Kine]], nije bila zaleđena zbog male količine snijega.<ref name="Voous1973">{{Citiranje knjige\|author=Karel Hendrik Voous\|title=Proceedings of the 15th International Ornithological Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands 30 August-5 September 1970\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA33\|year=1973\|publisher=Brill Archive\|isbn=978-90-04-03551-5\|page=33\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Beringija je bila prekrivena [[stepa\|stepom]] koja se prostirala stotinama kilometra na oba kontinenta.

	Smatra se da je mala ljudska populacija koja je brojala najviše nekoliko tisuća članova tijekom [[Posljednji glacijalni maksimum\|posljednjeg glacijalnog maksimuma]] došla u Beringiju iz Sibira. Ta se populacija [[Naseljavanje Amerika\|nastanila u Amerikama]] negdje nakon 16.500 [[BP]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170328-the-first-people-who-populated-the-americas\|title=The first people who populated the Americas}}</ref> To se dogodilo za vrijeme otapanje američkih ledenjaka koji su blokirali put prema jugu,<ref name="autogenerated2007">{{cite journal \| last = Wang \| first = Sijia \|author2=Lewis, C. M. Jr. \|author3=Jakobsson, M. \|author4=Ramachandran, S. \|author5=Ray, N. \| year = 2007 \| title = Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans \| journal = [[PLOS Genetics]] \| volume = 3 \| issue = 11 \| pages = e185 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185 \| pmid = 18039031 \| pmc = 2082466 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Goebel_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Goebel \| first = Ted \|author2=Waters, Michael R. \|author3=O'Rourke, Dennis H. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas \| journal = [[Science (znanstveni časopis)\|Science]] \| volume = 319 \| issue = 5869 \| pages = 1497–1502 \| doi = 10.1126/science.1153569 \| pmid = 18339930 \|bibcode = 2008Sci...319.1497G \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.398.9315 \| s2cid = 36149744 }}</ref><ref name="Fagundes_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Fagundes \| first = Nelson J. R. \| year = 2008 \| title = Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas \| journal = [[American Journal of Human Genetics]] \| volume = 82 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 583–592 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013 \| pmid = 18313026 \| pmc = 2427228 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Tamm_2007">{{cite journal \| last = Tamm \| first = Erika \| year = 2007 \| title = Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders \| journal = [[PLoS ONE]] \| volume = 2 \| issue = 9 \| pages = e829 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0000829 \| pmid = 17786201 \| pmc = 1952074 \| editor1-last = Carter \| editor1-first = Dee \|bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2..829T \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| last = Achilli \| first = A. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies \| journal = PLOS ONE \| volume = 3 \| issue = 3 \| pages = e1764 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001764 \| pmid = 18335039 \| pmc = 2258150 \| editor1-last = MacAulay \| editor1-first = Vincent \|bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.1764A \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> no prije nego što je došlo do potapanje Beringije oko 11.000 BP.<ref name="autogenerated60">{{cite journal\|doi=10.1038/382060a0\|title=Life and times of the Bering land bridge\|journal=[[Nature (journal)\|Nature]]\|volume=382\|issue=6586\|page=60\|year=1996\|last1=Elias\|first1=Scott A.\|last2=Short\|first2=Susan K.\|last3=Nelson\|first3=C. Hans\|last4=Birks\|first4=Hilary H.\|bibcode=1996Natur.382...60E\|s2cid=4347413}}</ref><ref name=jakobsson2017>{{cite journal\|doi=10.5194/cp-2017-11\|title=Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal yrs BP based on new geophysical and sediment records\|journal=Climate of the Past Discussions\|pages=1–22\|year=2017\|last1=Jakobsson\|first1=Martin\|last2=Pearce\|first2=Christof\|last3=Cronin\|first3=Thomas M.\|last4=Backman\|first4=Jan\|last5=Anderson\|first5=Leif G.\|last6=Barrientos\|first6=Natalia\|last7=Björk\|first7=Göran\|last8=Coxall\|first8=Helen\|last9=De Boer\|first9=Agatha\|last10=Mayer\|first10=Larry A.\|last11=Mörth\|first11=Carl-Magnus\|last12=Nilsson\|first12=Johan\|last13=Rattray\|first13=Jayne E.\|last14=Stranne\|first14=Christian\|last15=Semilietov\|first15=Igor\|last16=O'Regan\|first16=Matt\|doi-access=free}}</ref>		Smatra se da je mala ljudska populacija koja je brojala najviše nekoliko tisuća članova tijekom [[Posljednji glacijalni maksimum\|posljednjeg glacijalnog maksimuma]] došla u Beringiju iz Sibira. Ta se populacija [[Naseljavanje Amerika\|nastanila u Amerikama]] negdje nakon 16.500 [[BP]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170328-the-first-people-who-populated-the-americas\|title=The first people who populated the Americas}}</ref> To se dogodilo za vrijeme otapanje američkih ledenjaka koji su blokirali put prema jugu,<ref name="autogenerated2007">{{cite journal \| last = Wang \| first = Sijia \|author2=Lewis, C. M. Jr. \|author3=Jakobsson, M. \|author4=Ramachandran, S. \|author5=Ray, N. \| year = 2007 \| title = Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans \| journal = [[PLOS Genetics]] \| volume = 3 \| issue = 11 \| pages = e185 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185 \| pmid = 18039031 \| pmc = 2082466 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Goebel_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Goebel \| first = Ted \|author2=Waters, Michael R. \|author3=O'Rourke, Dennis H. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas \| journal = [[Science (znanstveni časopis)\|Science]] \| volume = 319 \| issue = 5869 \| pages = 1497–1502 \| doi = 10.1126/science.1153569 \| pmid = 18339930 \|bibcode = 2008Sci...319.1497G \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.398.9315 \| s2cid = 36149744 }}</ref><ref name="Fagundes_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Fagundes \| first = Nelson J. R. \| year = 2008 \| title = Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas \| journal = [[American Journal of Human Genetics]] \| volume = 82 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 583–592 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013 \| pmid = 18313026 \| pmc = 2427228 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Tamm_2007">{{cite journal \| last = Tamm \| first = Erika \| year = 2007 \| title = Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders \| journal = [[PLoS ONE]] \| volume = 2 \| issue = 9 \| pages = e829 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0000829 \| pmid = 17786201 \| pmc = 1952074 \| editor1-last = Carter \| editor1-first = Dee \|bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2..829T \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| last = Achilli \| first = A. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies \| journal = PLOS ONE \| volume = 3 \| issue = 3 \| pages = e1764 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001764 \| pmid = 18335039 \| pmc = 2258150 \| editor1-last = MacAulay \| editor1-first = Vincent \|bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.1764A \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> no prije nego što je došlo do potapanje Beringije oko 11.000 BP.<ref name="autogenerated60">{{cite journal\|doi=10.1038/382060a0\|title=Life and times of the Bering land bridge\|journal=[[Nature (journal)\|Nature]]\|volume=382\|issue=6586\|page=60\|year=1996\|last1=Elias\|first1=Scott A.\|last2=Short\|first2=Susan K.\|last3=Nelson\|first3=C. Hans\|last4=Birks\|first4=Hilary H.\|bibcode=1996Natur.382...60E\|s2cid=4347413}}</ref><ref name=jakobsson2017>{{cite journal\|doi=10.5194/cp-2017-11\|title=Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal yrs BP based on new geophysical and sediment records\|journal=Climate of the Past Discussions\|pages=1–22\|year=2017\|last1=Jakobsson\|first1=Martin\|last2=Pearce\|first2=Christof\|last3=Cronin\|first3=Thomas M.\|last4=Backman\|first4=Jan\|last5=Anderson\|first5=Leif G.\|last6=Barrientos\|first6=Natalia\|last7=Björk\|first7=Göran\|last8=Coxall\|first8=Helen\|last9=De Boer\|first9=Agatha\|last10=Mayer\|first10=Larry A.\|last11=Mörth\|first11=Carl-Magnus\|last12=Nilsson\|first12=Johan\|last13=Rattray\|first13=Jayne E.\|last14=Stranne\|first14=Christian\|last15=Semilietov\|first15=Igor\|last16=O'Regan\|first16=Matt\|doi-access=free}}</ref>

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2021-12-21T23:51:50Z

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←Starija inačica		Inačica od 21. prosinac 2021. u 23:51
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	<!--'''Beringija'''-->[[Datoteka:Beringia land bridge-noaagov.gif\|mini\|desno\|400 px\|Razine mora (označene plavom) i kopna (označene smeđom) Beringije izražene u metrima od prije 21.000 godina do danas.]]		<!--'''Beringija'''-->[[Datoteka:Beringia land bridge-noaagov.gif\|mini\|desno\|400 px\|Razine mora (označene plavom) i kopna (označene smeđom) Beringije izražene u metrima od prije 21.000 godina do danas.]]
	'''Beringija''' ili '''Beringov kopneni most''' danas je definirano kao kopneno i morsko područje na čijem se zapadu nalazi rijeka [[Lena]] u [[Sibir]]u; na istoku rijeka [[Mackenzie]] u [[Kanada\|Kanadi]]; na sjeveru [[Čukotsko more]] na 72° SGŠ; a na jugu [[Kamčatka]].<ref name=shared>{{~~cite web~~\|title=What is Beringia?\|author=Shared Beringian Heritage Program\|publisher=National Park Service, US Department of the Interior\|url=https://www.nps.gov/akso/beringia/beringia/}}</ref> Beringija uključuje [[Čukotsko more]], [[Beringovo more]], [[Beringov prolaz]], [[Čukotski poluotok]], [[Kamčatka\|Kamčatku]] i [[Aljaska\|Aljasku]].		'''Beringija''' ili '''Beringov kopneni most''' danas je definirano kao kopneno i morsko područje na čijem se zapadu nalazi rijeka [[Lena]] u [[Sibir]]u; na istoku rijeka [[Mackenzie]] u [[Kanada\|Kanadi]]; na sjeveru [[Čukotsko more]] na 72° SGŠ; a na jugu [[Kamčatka]].<ref name=shared>{{Citiranje weba\|title=What is Beringia?\|author=Shared Beringian Heritage Program\|publisher=National Park Service, US Department of the Interior\|url=https://www.nps.gov/akso/beringia/beringia/}}</ref> Beringija uključuje [[Čukotsko more]], [[Beringovo more]], [[Beringov prolaz]], [[Čukotski poluotok]], [[Kamčatka\|Kamčatku]] i [[Aljaska\|Aljasku]].

	Beringija je prije bila [[kopneni most]] koji je povezivao [[Sjeverna Amerika\|Sjevernu Ameriku]] s [[Azija\|Azijom]]. Širina Beringije iznosila je do 1000 km te je pokrivala područje veličine [[Alberta\|Alberte]] i [[Britanska Kolumbija\|Britanske Kolumbije]].<ref>{{~~cite web~~ \|url=http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|title=A Journey to a New Land \|author=Dr Barbara Winter \|date=2005 \|website=www.sfu.museum \|publisher=virtualmuseum.ca \|access-date=19 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428231158/http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|archive-date=28 April 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Od središnjeg dijela Beringije jedino su preostali [[Diomedovi otoci]], [[Pribilofski otoci]], [[Otok sv. Lovrijenca]] i [[Otok King (Aljaska)\|Otok King]].<ref name=shared/>		Beringija je prije bila [[kopneni most]] koji je povezivao [[Sjeverna Amerika\|Sjevernu Ameriku]] s [[Azija\|Azijom]]. Širina Beringije iznosila je do 1000 km te je pokrivala područje veličine [[Alberta\|Alberte]] i [[Britanska Kolumbija\|Britanske Kolumbije]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba \|url=http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|title=A Journey to a New Land \|author=Dr Barbara Winter \|date=2005 \|website=www.sfu.museum \|publisher=virtualmuseum.ca \|access-date=19 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428231158/http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|archive-date=28 April 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Od središnjeg dijela Beringije jedino su preostali [[Diomedovi otoci]], [[Pribilofski otoci]], [[Otok sv. Lovrijenca]] i [[Otok King (Aljaska)\|Otok King]].<ref name=shared/>

	Izraz ''Beringija'' skovao je švedski botanist [[Eric Hultén]] [[1937.]] godine.<ref name="HoffeckerElias2007">{{cite book\|author1=John F. Hoffecker\|author2=Scott A. Elias\|title=Human Ecology of Beringia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VgomQY3o9U0C&pg=PA3\|date=15 June 2007\|publisher=I have no energy Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-13060-8\|page=3\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Tijekom [[ledeno doba\|ledenih doba]], Beringija, poput većine [[Sibir]]a i cijele sjeverne i sjeveroistočne [[Kina\|Kine]], nije bila zaleđena zbog male količine snijega.<ref name="Voous1973">{{cite book\|author=Karel Hendrik Voous\|title=Proceedings of the 15th International Ornithological Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands 30 August-5 September 1970\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA33\|year=1973\|publisher=Brill Archive\|isbn=978-90-04-03551-5\|page=33\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Beringija je bila prekrivena [[stepa\|stepom]] koja se prostirala stotinama kilometra na oba kontinenta.		Izraz ''Beringija'' skovao je švedski botanist [[Eric Hultén]] [[1937.]] godine.<ref name="HoffeckerElias2007">{{cite book\|author1=John F. Hoffecker\|author2=Scott A. Elias\|title=Human Ecology of Beringia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VgomQY3o9U0C&pg=PA3\|date=15 June 2007\|publisher=I have no energy Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-13060-8\|page=3\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Tijekom [[ledeno doba\|ledenih doba]], Beringija, poput većine [[Sibir]]a i cijele sjeverne i sjeveroistočne [[Kina\|Kine]], nije bila zaleđena zbog male količine snijega.<ref name="Voous1973">{{cite book\|author=Karel Hendrik Voous\|title=Proceedings of the 15th International Ornithological Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands 30 August-5 September 1970\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA33\|year=1973\|publisher=Brill Archive\|isbn=978-90-04-03551-5\|page=33\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Beringija je bila prekrivena [[stepa\|stepom]] koja se prostirala stotinama kilometra na oba kontinenta.

	Smatra se da je mala ljudska populacija koja je brojala najviše nekoliko tisuća članova tijekom [[Posljednji glacijalni maksimum\|posljednjeg glacijalnog maksimuma]] došla u Beringiju iz Sibira. Ta se populacija [[Naseljavanje Amerika\|nastanila u Amerikama]] negdje nakon 16.500 [[BP]].<ref>{{~~cite web~~\|url=http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170328-the-first-people-who-populated-the-americas\|title=The first people who populated the Americas}}</ref> To se dogodilo za vrijeme otapanje američkih ledenjaka koji su blokirali put prema jugu,<ref name="autogenerated2007">{{cite journal \| last = Wang \| first = Sijia \|author2=Lewis, C. M. Jr. \|author3=Jakobsson, M. \|author4=Ramachandran, S. \|author5=Ray, N. \| year = 2007 \| title = Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans \| journal = [[PLOS Genetics]] \| volume = 3 \| issue = 11 \| pages = e185 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185 \| pmid = 18039031 \| pmc = 2082466 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Goebel_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Goebel \| first = Ted \|author2=Waters, Michael R. \|author3=O'Rourke, Dennis H. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas \| journal = [[Science (znanstveni časopis)\|Science]] \| volume = 319 \| issue = 5869 \| pages = 1497–1502 \| doi = 10.1126/science.1153569 \| pmid = 18339930 \|bibcode = 2008Sci...319.1497G \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.398.9315 \| s2cid = 36149744 }}</ref><ref name="Fagundes_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Fagundes \| first = Nelson J. R. \| year = 2008 \| title = Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas \| journal = [[American Journal of Human Genetics]] \| volume = 82 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 583–592 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013 \| pmid = 18313026 \| pmc = 2427228 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Tamm_2007">{{cite journal \| last = Tamm \| first = Erika \| year = 2007 \| title = Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders \| journal = [[PLoS ONE]] \| volume = 2 \| issue = 9 \| pages = e829 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0000829 \| pmid = 17786201 \| pmc = 1952074 \| editor1-last = Carter \| editor1-first = Dee \|bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2..829T \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| last = Achilli \| first = A. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies \| journal = PLOS ONE \| volume = 3 \| issue = 3 \| pages = e1764 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001764 \| pmid = 18335039 \| pmc = 2258150 \| editor1-last = MacAulay \| editor1-first = Vincent \|bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.1764A \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> no prije nego što je došlo do potapanje Beringije oko 11.000 BP.<ref name="autogenerated60">{{cite journal\|doi=10.1038/382060a0\|title=Life and times of the Bering land bridge\|journal=[[Nature (journal)\|Nature]]\|volume=382\|issue=6586\|page=60\|year=1996\|last1=Elias\|first1=Scott A.\|last2=Short\|first2=Susan K.\|last3=Nelson\|first3=C. Hans\|last4=Birks\|first4=Hilary H.\|bibcode=1996Natur.382...60E\|s2cid=4347413}}</ref><ref name=jakobsson2017>{{cite journal\|doi=10.5194/cp-2017-11\|title=Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal yrs BP based on new geophysical and sediment records\|journal=Climate of the Past Discussions\|pages=1–22\|year=2017\|last1=Jakobsson\|first1=Martin\|last2=Pearce\|first2=Christof\|last3=Cronin\|first3=Thomas M.\|last4=Backman\|first4=Jan\|last5=Anderson\|first5=Leif G.\|last6=Barrientos\|first6=Natalia\|last7=Björk\|first7=Göran\|last8=Coxall\|first8=Helen\|last9=De Boer\|first9=Agatha\|last10=Mayer\|first10=Larry A.\|last11=Mörth\|first11=Carl-Magnus\|last12=Nilsson\|first12=Johan\|last13=Rattray\|first13=Jayne E.\|last14=Stranne\|first14=Christian\|last15=Semilietov\|first15=Igor\|last16=O'Regan\|first16=Matt\|doi-access=free}}</ref>		Smatra se da je mala ljudska populacija koja je brojala najviše nekoliko tisuća članova tijekom [[Posljednji glacijalni maksimum\|posljednjeg glacijalnog maksimuma]] došla u Beringiju iz Sibira. Ta se populacija [[Naseljavanje Amerika\|nastanila u Amerikama]] negdje nakon 16.500 [[BP]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170328-the-first-people-who-populated-the-americas\|title=The first people who populated the Americas}}</ref> To se dogodilo za vrijeme otapanje američkih ledenjaka koji su blokirali put prema jugu,<ref name="autogenerated2007">{{cite journal \| last = Wang \| first = Sijia \|author2=Lewis, C. M. Jr. \|author3=Jakobsson, M. \|author4=Ramachandran, S. \|author5=Ray, N. \| year = 2007 \| title = Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans \| journal = [[PLOS Genetics]] \| volume = 3 \| issue = 11 \| pages = e185 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185 \| pmid = 18039031 \| pmc = 2082466 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Goebel_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Goebel \| first = Ted \|author2=Waters, Michael R. \|author3=O'Rourke, Dennis H. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas \| journal = [[Science (znanstveni časopis)\|Science]] \| volume = 319 \| issue = 5869 \| pages = 1497–1502 \| doi = 10.1126/science.1153569 \| pmid = 18339930 \|bibcode = 2008Sci...319.1497G \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.398.9315 \| s2cid = 36149744 }}</ref><ref name="Fagundes_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Fagundes \| first = Nelson J. R. \| year = 2008 \| title = Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas \| journal = [[American Journal of Human Genetics]] \| volume = 82 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 583–592 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013 \| pmid = 18313026 \| pmc = 2427228 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Tamm_2007">{{cite journal \| last = Tamm \| first = Erika \| year = 2007 \| title = Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders \| journal = [[PLoS ONE]] \| volume = 2 \| issue = 9 \| pages = e829 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0000829 \| pmid = 17786201 \| pmc = 1952074 \| editor1-last = Carter \| editor1-first = Dee \|bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2..829T \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| last = Achilli \| first = A. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies \| journal = PLOS ONE \| volume = 3 \| issue = 3 \| pages = e1764 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001764 \| pmid = 18335039 \| pmc = 2258150 \| editor1-last = MacAulay \| editor1-first = Vincent \|bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.1764A \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> no prije nego što je došlo do potapanje Beringije oko 11.000 BP.<ref name="autogenerated60">{{cite journal\|doi=10.1038/382060a0\|title=Life and times of the Bering land bridge\|journal=[[Nature (journal)\|Nature]]\|volume=382\|issue=6586\|page=60\|year=1996\|last1=Elias\|first1=Scott A.\|last2=Short\|first2=Susan K.\|last3=Nelson\|first3=C. Hans\|last4=Birks\|first4=Hilary H.\|bibcode=1996Natur.382...60E\|s2cid=4347413}}</ref><ref name=jakobsson2017>{{cite journal\|doi=10.5194/cp-2017-11\|title=Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal yrs BP based on new geophysical and sediment records\|journal=Climate of the Past Discussions\|pages=1–22\|year=2017\|last1=Jakobsson\|first1=Martin\|last2=Pearce\|first2=Christof\|last3=Cronin\|first3=Thomas M.\|last4=Backman\|first4=Jan\|last5=Anderson\|first5=Leif G.\|last6=Barrientos\|first6=Natalia\|last7=Björk\|first7=Göran\|last8=Coxall\|first8=Helen\|last9=De Boer\|first9=Agatha\|last10=Mayer\|first10=Larry A.\|last11=Mörth\|first11=Carl-Magnus\|last12=Nilsson\|first12=Johan\|last13=Rattray\|first13=Jayne E.\|last14=Stranne\|first14=Christian\|last15=Semilietov\|first15=Igor\|last16=O'Regan\|first16=Matt\|doi-access=free}}</ref>

	== Izvori ==		== Izvori ==

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[[Datoteka:Beringia land bridge-noaagov.gif|mini|desno|400 px|Razine mora (označene plavom) i kopna (označene smeđom) Beringije izražene u metrima od prije 21.000 godina do danas.]]
'''Beringija''' ili '''Beringov kopneni most''' danas je definirano kao kopneno i morsko područje na čijem se zapadu nalazi rijeka [[Lena]] u [[Sibir]]u; na istoku rijeka [[Mackenzie]] u [[Kanada|Kanadi]]; na sjeveru [[Čukotsko more]] na 72° SGŠ; a na jugu [[Kamčatka]].<ref name=shared>{{cite web|title=What is Beringia?|author=Shared Beringian Heritage Program|publisher=National Park Service, US Department of the Interior|url=https://www.nps.gov/akso/beringia/beringia/}}</ref> Beringija uključuje [[Čukotsko more]], [[Beringovo more]], [[Beringov prolaz]], [[Čukotski poluotok]], [[Kamčatka|Kamčatku]] i [[Aljaska|Aljasku]].

Beringija je prije bila [[kopneni most]] koji je povezivao [[Sjeverna Amerika|Sjevernu Ameriku]] s [[Azija|Azijom]]. Širina Beringije iznosila je do 1000 km te je pokrivala područje veličine [[Alberta|Alberte]] i [[Britanska Kolumbija|Britanske Kolumbije]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge |title=A Journey to a New Land |author=Dr Barbara Winter |date=2005 |website=www.sfu.museum |publisher=virtualmuseum.ca |access-date=19 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428231158/http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge |archive-date=28 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Od središnjeg dijela Beringije jedino su preostali [[Diomedovi otoci]], [[Pribilofski otoci]], [[Otok sv. Lovrijenca]] i [[Otok King (Aljaska)|Otok King]].<ref name=shared/>

Izraz ''Beringija'' skovao je švedski botanist [[Eric Hultén]] [[1937.]] godine.<ref name="HoffeckerElias2007">{{cite book|author1=John F. Hoffecker|author2=Scott A. Elias|title=Human Ecology of Beringia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VgomQY3o9U0C&pg=PA3|date=15 June 2007|publisher=I have no energy Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-13060-8|page=3|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Tijekom [[ledeno doba|ledenih doba]], Beringija, poput većine [[Sibir]]a i cijele sjeverne i sjeveroistočne [[Kina|Kine]], nije bila zaleđena zbog male količine snijega.<ref name="Voous1973">{{cite book|author=Karel Hendrik Voous|title=Proceedings of the 15th International Ornithological Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands 30 August-5 September 1970|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA33|year=1973|publisher=Brill Archive|isbn=978-90-04-03551-5|page=33|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Beringija je bila prekrivena [[stepa|stepom]] koja se prostirala stotinama kilometra na oba kontinenta.

Smatra se da je mala ljudska populacija koja je brojala najviše nekoliko tisuća članova tijekom [[Posljednji glacijalni maksimum|posljednjeg glacijalnog maksimuma]] došla u Beringiju iz Sibira. Ta se populacija [[Naseljavanje Amerika|nastanila u Amerikama]] negdje nakon 16.500 [[BP]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170328-the-first-people-who-populated-the-americas|title=The first people who populated the Americas}}</ref> To se dogodilo za vrijeme otapanje američkih ledenjaka koji su blokirali put prema jugu,<ref name="autogenerated2007">{{cite journal | last = Wang | first = Sijia |author2=Lewis, C. M. Jr. |author3=Jakobsson, M. |author4=Ramachandran, S. |author5=Ray, N. | year = 2007 | title = Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans | journal = [[PLOS Genetics]] | volume = 3 | issue = 11 | pages = e185 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185 | pmid = 18039031 | pmc = 2082466 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Goebel_2008">{{cite journal | last = Goebel | first = Ted |author2=Waters, Michael R. |author3=O'Rourke, Dennis H. | year = 2008 | title = The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas | journal = [[Science (znanstveni časopis)|Science]] | volume = 319 | issue = 5869 | pages = 1497–1502 | doi = 10.1126/science.1153569 | pmid = 18339930 |bibcode = 2008Sci...319.1497G | citeseerx = 10.1.1.398.9315 | s2cid = 36149744 }}</ref><ref name="Fagundes_2008">{{cite journal | last = Fagundes | first = Nelson J. R. | year = 2008 | title = Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas | journal = [[American Journal of Human Genetics]] | volume = 82 | issue = 3 | pages = 583–592 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013 | pmid = 18313026 | pmc = 2427228 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Tamm_2007">{{cite journal | last = Tamm | first = Erika | year = 2007 | title = Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders | journal = [[PLoS ONE]] | volume = 2 | issue = 9 | pages = e829 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0000829 | pmid = 17786201 | pmc = 1952074 | editor1-last = Carter | editor1-first = Dee |bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2..829T |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Achilli | first = A. | year = 2008 | title = The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = e1764 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001764 | pmid = 18335039 | pmc = 2258150 | editor1-last = MacAulay | editor1-first = Vincent |bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.1764A |display-authors=etal}}</ref> no prije nego što je došlo do potapanje Beringije oko 11.000 BP.<ref name="autogenerated60">{{cite journal|doi=10.1038/382060a0|title=Life and times of the Bering land bridge|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=382|issue=6586|page=60|year=1996|last1=Elias|first1=Scott A.|last2=Short|first2=Susan K.|last3=Nelson|first3=C. Hans|last4=Birks|first4=Hilary H.|bibcode=1996Natur.382...60E|s2cid=4347413}}</ref><ref name=jakobsson2017>{{cite journal|doi=10.5194/cp-2017-11|title=Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal yrs BP based on new geophysical and sediment records|journal=Climate of the Past Discussions|pages=1–22|year=2017|last1=Jakobsson|first1=Martin|last2=Pearce|first2=Christof|last3=Cronin|first3=Thomas M.|last4=Backman|first4=Jan|last5=Anderson|first5=Leif G.|last6=Barrientos|first6=Natalia|last7=Björk|first7=Göran|last8=Coxall|first8=Helen|last9=De Boer|first9=Agatha|last10=Mayer|first10=Larry A.|last11=Mörth|first11=Carl-Magnus|last12=Nilsson|first12=Johan|last13=Rattray|first13=Jayne E.|last14=Stranne|first14=Christian|last15=Semilietov|first15=Igor|last16=O'Regan|first16=Matt|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Izvori ==
{{izvori}}

== Vanjske poveznice ==
{{Commonscat|Bering Land Bridge}}
* [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/new-beringia-map-1.4999523 CBC News: New map of Beringia 'opens your imagination' to what landscape looked like 18,000 years ago]
* [http://www.nps.gov/akso/beringia/index.cfm Shared Beringian Heritage Program]
* [http://www.beringiapark.ru/about-park.html International National Park in the Bering Strait]
* [http://www.nps.gov/bela/ Bering Land Bridge National Preserve]
* [http://weber.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/arch/beringia.html#top D.K. Jordan, "Prehistoric Beringia"]
* [http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/parcs/atlas/beringia/lbridge.html Paleoenvironmental atlas of Beringia:] includes animation showing the gradual disappearance of the Bering land bridge
* [http://www.beringia.com/ Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041212105840/http://www.geo.umass.edu/projects/chukotka/berhome.html Paleoenvironments and Glaciation in Beringia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120313061401/http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/02/13/beringia-native-american-02.html Study suggests 20000 year hiatus in Beringia]
* [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-humans-came-to-americas-180973739/ The Fertile Shore]

[[Kategorija:Povijesna geologija]]
[[Kategorija:Povijest Sjeverne Amerike]]
[[Kategorija:Povijest Azije]]
[[Kategorija:Beringovo more]]

←Starija inačica		Inačica od 2. siječanj 2022. u 04:27
Redak 4:		Redak 4:
	Beringija je prije bila [[kopneni most]] koji je povezivao [[Sjeverna Amerika\|Sjevernu Ameriku]] s [[Azija\|Azijom]]. Širina Beringije iznosila je do 1000 km te je pokrivala područje veličine [[Alberta\|Alberte]] i [[Britanska Kolumbija\|Britanske Kolumbije]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba \|url=http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|title=A Journey to a New Land \|author=Dr Barbara Winter \|date=2005 \|website=www.sfu.museum \|publisher=virtualmuseum.ca \|access-date=19 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428231158/http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|archive-date=28 April 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Od središnjeg dijela Beringije jedino su preostali [[Diomedovi otoci]], [[Pribilofski otoci]], [[Otok sv. Lovrijenca]] i [[Otok King (Aljaska)\|Otok King]].<ref name=shared/>		Beringija je prije bila [[kopneni most]] koji je povezivao [[Sjeverna Amerika\|Sjevernu Ameriku]] s [[Azija\|Azijom]]. Širina Beringije iznosila je do 1000 km te je pokrivala područje veličine [[Alberta\|Alberte]] i [[Britanska Kolumbija\|Britanske Kolumbije]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba \|url=http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|title=A Journey to a New Land \|author=Dr Barbara Winter \|date=2005 \|website=www.sfu.museum \|publisher=virtualmuseum.ca \|access-date=19 May 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428231158/http://www.sfu.museum/journey/an-en/postsecondaire-postsecondary/pont_beringie-beringia_bridge \|archive-date=28 April 2015 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Od središnjeg dijela Beringije jedino su preostali [[Diomedovi otoci]], [[Pribilofski otoci]], [[Otok sv. Lovrijenca]] i [[Otok King (Aljaska)\|Otok King]].<ref name=shared/>

	Izraz ''Beringija'' skovao je švedski botanist [[Eric Hultén]] [[1937.]] godine.<ref name="HoffeckerElias2007">{{~~cite book~~\|author1=John F. Hoffecker\|author2=Scott A. Elias\|title=Human Ecology of Beringia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VgomQY3o9U0C&pg=PA3\|date=15 June 2007\|publisher=I have no energy Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-13060-8\|page=3\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Tijekom [[ledeno doba\|ledenih doba]], Beringija, poput većine [[Sibir]]a i cijele sjeverne i sjeveroistočne [[Kina\|Kine]], nije bila zaleđena zbog male količine snijega.<ref name="Voous1973">{{~~cite book~~\|author=Karel Hendrik Voous\|title=Proceedings of the 15th International Ornithological Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands 30 August-5 September 1970\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA33\|year=1973\|publisher=Brill Archive\|isbn=978-90-04-03551-5\|page=33\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Beringija je bila prekrivena [[stepa\|stepom]] koja se prostirala stotinama kilometra na oba kontinenta.		Izraz ''Beringija'' skovao je švedski botanist [[Eric Hultén]] [[1937.]] godine.<ref name="HoffeckerElias2007">{{Citiranje knjige\|author1=John F. Hoffecker\|author2=Scott A. Elias\|title=Human Ecology of Beringia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VgomQY3o9U0C&pg=PA3\|date=15 June 2007\|publisher=I have no energy Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-13060-8\|page=3\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Tijekom [[ledeno doba\|ledenih doba]], Beringija, poput većine [[Sibir]]a i cijele sjeverne i sjeveroistočne [[Kina\|Kine]], nije bila zaleđena zbog male količine snijega.<ref name="Voous1973">{{Citiranje knjige\|author=Karel Hendrik Voous\|title=Proceedings of the 15th International Ornithological Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands 30 August-5 September 1970\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA33\|year=1973\|publisher=Brill Archive\|isbn=978-90-04-03551-5\|page=33\|accessdate=2016-04-10}}</ref> Beringija je bila prekrivena [[stepa\|stepom]] koja se prostirala stotinama kilometra na oba kontinenta.

	Smatra se da je mala ljudska populacija koja je brojala najviše nekoliko tisuća članova tijekom [[Posljednji glacijalni maksimum\|posljednjeg glacijalnog maksimuma]] došla u Beringiju iz Sibira. Ta se populacija [[Naseljavanje Amerika\|nastanila u Amerikama]] negdje nakon 16.500 [[BP]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170328-the-first-people-who-populated-the-americas\|title=The first people who populated the Americas}}</ref> To se dogodilo za vrijeme otapanje američkih ledenjaka koji su blokirali put prema jugu,<ref name="autogenerated2007">{{cite journal \| last = Wang \| first = Sijia \|author2=Lewis, C. M. Jr. \|author3=Jakobsson, M. \|author4=Ramachandran, S. \|author5=Ray, N. \| year = 2007 \| title = Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans \| journal = [[PLOS Genetics]] \| volume = 3 \| issue = 11 \| pages = e185 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185 \| pmid = 18039031 \| pmc = 2082466 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Goebel_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Goebel \| first = Ted \|author2=Waters, Michael R. \|author3=O'Rourke, Dennis H. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas \| journal = [[Science (znanstveni časopis)\|Science]] \| volume = 319 \| issue = 5869 \| pages = 1497–1502 \| doi = 10.1126/science.1153569 \| pmid = 18339930 \|bibcode = 2008Sci...319.1497G \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.398.9315 \| s2cid = 36149744 }}</ref><ref name="Fagundes_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Fagundes \| first = Nelson J. R. \| year = 2008 \| title = Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas \| journal = [[American Journal of Human Genetics]] \| volume = 82 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 583–592 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013 \| pmid = 18313026 \| pmc = 2427228 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Tamm_2007">{{cite journal \| last = Tamm \| first = Erika \| year = 2007 \| title = Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders \| journal = [[PLoS ONE]] \| volume = 2 \| issue = 9 \| pages = e829 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0000829 \| pmid = 17786201 \| pmc = 1952074 \| editor1-last = Carter \| editor1-first = Dee \|bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2..829T \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| last = Achilli \| first = A. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies \| journal = PLOS ONE \| volume = 3 \| issue = 3 \| pages = e1764 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001764 \| pmid = 18335039 \| pmc = 2258150 \| editor1-last = MacAulay \| editor1-first = Vincent \|bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.1764A \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> no prije nego što je došlo do potapanje Beringije oko 11.000 BP.<ref name="autogenerated60">{{cite journal\|doi=10.1038/382060a0\|title=Life and times of the Bering land bridge\|journal=[[Nature (journal)\|Nature]]\|volume=382\|issue=6586\|page=60\|year=1996\|last1=Elias\|first1=Scott A.\|last2=Short\|first2=Susan K.\|last3=Nelson\|first3=C. Hans\|last4=Birks\|first4=Hilary H.\|bibcode=1996Natur.382...60E\|s2cid=4347413}}</ref><ref name=jakobsson2017>{{cite journal\|doi=10.5194/cp-2017-11\|title=Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal yrs BP based on new geophysical and sediment records\|journal=Climate of the Past Discussions\|pages=1–22\|year=2017\|last1=Jakobsson\|first1=Martin\|last2=Pearce\|first2=Christof\|last3=Cronin\|first3=Thomas M.\|last4=Backman\|first4=Jan\|last5=Anderson\|first5=Leif G.\|last6=Barrientos\|first6=Natalia\|last7=Björk\|first7=Göran\|last8=Coxall\|first8=Helen\|last9=De Boer\|first9=Agatha\|last10=Mayer\|first10=Larry A.\|last11=Mörth\|first11=Carl-Magnus\|last12=Nilsson\|first12=Johan\|last13=Rattray\|first13=Jayne E.\|last14=Stranne\|first14=Christian\|last15=Semilietov\|first15=Igor\|last16=O'Regan\|first16=Matt\|doi-access=free}}</ref>		Smatra se da je mala ljudska populacija koja je brojala najviše nekoliko tisuća članova tijekom [[Posljednji glacijalni maksimum\|posljednjeg glacijalnog maksimuma]] došla u Beringiju iz Sibira. Ta se populacija [[Naseljavanje Amerika\|nastanila u Amerikama]] negdje nakon 16.500 [[BP]].<ref>{{Citiranje weba\|url=http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170328-the-first-people-who-populated-the-americas\|title=The first people who populated the Americas}}</ref> To se dogodilo za vrijeme otapanje američkih ledenjaka koji su blokirali put prema jugu,<ref name="autogenerated2007">{{cite journal \| last = Wang \| first = Sijia \|author2=Lewis, C. M. Jr. \|author3=Jakobsson, M. \|author4=Ramachandran, S. \|author5=Ray, N. \| year = 2007 \| title = Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans \| journal = [[PLOS Genetics]] \| volume = 3 \| issue = 11 \| pages = e185 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185 \| pmid = 18039031 \| pmc = 2082466 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Goebel_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Goebel \| first = Ted \|author2=Waters, Michael R. \|author3=O'Rourke, Dennis H. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas \| journal = [[Science (znanstveni časopis)\|Science]] \| volume = 319 \| issue = 5869 \| pages = 1497–1502 \| doi = 10.1126/science.1153569 \| pmid = 18339930 \|bibcode = 2008Sci...319.1497G \| citeseerx = 10.1.1.398.9315 \| s2cid = 36149744 }}</ref><ref name="Fagundes_2008">{{cite journal \| last = Fagundes \| first = Nelson J. R. \| year = 2008 \| title = Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas \| journal = [[American Journal of Human Genetics]] \| volume = 82 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 583–592 \| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013 \| pmid = 18313026 \| pmc = 2427228 \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Tamm_2007">{{cite journal \| last = Tamm \| first = Erika \| year = 2007 \| title = Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders \| journal = [[PLoS ONE]] \| volume = 2 \| issue = 9 \| pages = e829 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0000829 \| pmid = 17786201 \| pmc = 1952074 \| editor1-last = Carter \| editor1-first = Dee \|bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2..829T \|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \| last = Achilli \| first = A. \| year = 2008 \| title = The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA Haplogroups: Implications for Evolutionary and Disease Studies \| journal = PLOS ONE \| volume = 3 \| issue = 3 \| pages = e1764 \| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001764 \| pmid = 18335039 \| pmc = 2258150 \| editor1-last = MacAulay \| editor1-first = Vincent \|bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.1764A \|display-authors=etal}}</ref> no prije nego što je došlo do potapanje Beringije oko 11.000 BP.<ref name="autogenerated60">{{cite journal\|doi=10.1038/382060a0\|title=Life and times of the Bering land bridge\|journal=[[Nature (journal)\|Nature]]\|volume=382\|issue=6586\|page=60\|year=1996\|last1=Elias\|first1=Scott A.\|last2=Short\|first2=Susan K.\|last3=Nelson\|first3=C. Hans\|last4=Birks\|first4=Hilary H.\|bibcode=1996Natur.382...60E\|s2cid=4347413}}</ref><ref name=jakobsson2017>{{cite journal\|doi=10.5194/cp-2017-11\|title=Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal yrs BP based on new geophysical and sediment records\|journal=Climate of the Past Discussions\|pages=1–22\|year=2017\|last1=Jakobsson\|first1=Martin\|last2=Pearce\|first2=Christof\|last3=Cronin\|first3=Thomas M.\|last4=Backman\|first4=Jan\|last5=Anderson\|first5=Leif G.\|last6=Barrientos\|first6=Natalia\|last7=Björk\|first7=Göran\|last8=Coxall\|first8=Helen\|last9=De Boer\|first9=Agatha\|last10=Mayer\|first10=Larry A.\|last11=Mörth\|first11=Carl-Magnus\|last12=Nilsson\|first12=Johan\|last13=Rattray\|first13=Jayne E.\|last14=Stranne\|first14=Christian\|last15=Semilietov\|first15=Igor\|last16=O'Regan\|first16=Matt\|doi-access=free}}</ref>